Современные методы исследования и описания кристаллических структур. Самойлов А.М. - 25 стр.

UptoLike

Составители: 

22
ihgbfZxl ih^
djbklZeebq_kdhc kljmdlmjhc
 D gZklhys_fm \j_f_gb
wdki_jbf_glZevgufiml_fgZdhie_guk\_^_gbyhkljh_gbb^_kyldh\lukyqjZaghh[jZaguo
\_s_kl\ b wlZ [ZaZ ^Zgguo [ukljh ihihegy_lky H^gZdh ij_`^_ \k_]h g_h[oh^bfh
ihfgblvhlhfqlhdhgdj_lgh_hibkZgb_dZdhc-eb[h
kljmdlmju fh`gh ^Zlv ebrv \ nhjf_
fh^_eb
 [he__ beb f_g__ hljZ`Zxs_c gZrb
ij_^klZ\e_gby h[ h[t_dl_ bkke_^h\Zgby D kh`Ze_gbx wlZ g_ba[_`gh ijb[eb`_ggZy
fh^_ev m`_ aZeh`_gZ \ ljZdlh\dm wdki_jbf_glZ b qlh [he__ \Z`gh - \ khagZgb_
bkke_^h\Zl_eyijbq_fgZklhevdh]em[hdhqlhbgh]^Z\hagbdZ_lhiZkghklvg_hijZ\^Zgghc
Z[khexlbaZp bb kljmdlmjguo ^Zgguo KijZ\_^eb\h iheZ]ZymklZgh\e_ggmxkljmd lmjm
wdki_jbf_glZevgufnZdlhf
l_f g_ f_g__ ke_^m_l ihfgblv qlh wlhl nZdl ihemq_g gZ hkgh\_ hij_^_e_gguo
l_hj_lbq_kdbo ij_^klZ\e_gbcKh\j_f_g_fwlbij_^klZ\e_gbyf_gyxlkyke_^h\Zl_evgh
^he`gu baf_gylvky b wdki_jbf_glZevgu_ nZdlu Ihwlhfm b k ijbgpbibZevghc bk
ijZdlbq_kdhclhq_daj_gby\Z`gh]em[hdhihgbfZlv
kmsghklv ijb[eb`_gbc dhlhju_ e_`Zl \ hkgh\_ bkihevam_fhc l_hj_lbq_kdhc fh^_eb
Ijb\_^_f djZldbc ZgZeblbq_kdbc h[ahj hkgh\guo fh^_e_c kljmdlmj bkihevam_fuo \
djbklZeehobfbb
2.2. KL:LBKLBQ?KDB?FH>?EBKLJMDLMJ
K ihfhsvx kh\j_f_gguo wdki_jbf_glZevguo f_lh^bd j_gl]_gh-kljmdlmjgh]h
ZgZebaZ fh`gh h^gh\j_f_ggh ihemqZlv k\_^_gby h kj_^g_f \h \j_f_gb jZkiheh`_gbb
Zlhfh\ \ h[t_f_ djbklZeebq_kdh]h \_s_kl\Z Z lZd`_ h ^bgZfbd_bol_ieh\uo
dhe_[ZgbcH^gZdh\[hevrbgkl\_jZ[hl
^bgZfbq_kdb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb l_ieh\uo dhe_[Zgbc Zlhfh\g_h[km`^ZxlkyNZdlbq_kdb
wlhhagZqZ_lqlhjZkkfZljb \Z_fu_fh^_ebhlghkylkydjZajy^m
klZlbq_kdbo < klZlbq_kdhcfh^_ebdjbklZeebq_kdhckljmdlmju bf__lky g_kdhevdh
mjh\g_clZ[ebpZ
LZ[ebpZKlZlbklbq_kdZyfh^_evdjbklZeebq_dhckljmdlmju
Lbifh^_eb
I_j\bqgZyljZdlh\dZ
HibkZgb_
r -
fh^_ev
---
{ R } + {
r
j
} +
N
                                              22
ihgbfZxl       ih^     djbklZeebq_kdhc     kljmdlmjhc      D   gZklhys_fm    \j_f_gb
wdki_jbf_glZevgufiml_fgZdhie_guk\_^_gbyhkljh_gbb^_kyldh\lukyqjZaghh[jZaguo
\_s_kl\ b wlZ [ZaZ ^Zgguo [ukljh ihihegy_lky H^gZdh ij_`^_ \k_]h g_h[oh^bfh
ihfgblvhlhfqlhdhgdj_lgh_hibkZgb_dZdhc-eb[h
kljmdlmju fh`gh ^Zlv ebrv \ nhjf_ fh^_eb [he__ beb f_g__ hljZ`Zxs_c gZrb
ij_^klZ\e_gby h[ h[t_dl_ bkke_^h\Zgby D kh`Ze_gbx wlZ g_ba[_`gh ijb[eb`_ggZy
fh^_ev m`_ aZeh`_gZ \ ljZdlh\dm wdki_jbf_glZ b qlh [he__ \Z`gh - \ khagZgb_
bkke_^h\Zl_eyijbq_fgZklhevdh]em[hdhqlhbgh]^Z\hagbdZ_lhiZkghklvg_hijZ\^Zgghc
Z[khexlbaZpbb kljmdlmjguo ^Zgguo KijZ\_^eb\h iheZ]Zy  mklZgh\e_ggmx  kljmdlmjm
wdki_jbf_glZevgufnZdlhf
l_f g_ f_g__ ke_^m_l ihfgblv qlh wlhl nZdl ihemq_g gZ hkgh\_ hij_^_e_gguo
l_hj_lbq_kdboij_^klZ\e_gbcKh\j_f_g_fwlbij_^klZ\e_gbyf_gyxlkyke_^h\Zl_evgh
^he`gu baf_gylvky b wdki_jbf_glZevgu_ nZdlu Ihwlhfm b k ijbgpbibZevghc  b  k
ijZdlbq_kdhclhq_daj_gby\Z`gh]em[hdhihgbfZlv
kmsghklv ijb[eb`_gbc dhlhju_ e_`Zl \ hkgh\_ bkihevam_fhc l_hj_lbq_kdhc fh^_eb
Ijb\_^_f djZldbc ZgZeblbq_kdbc h[ahj hkgh\guo fh^_e_c kljmdlmj bkihevam_fuo \
djbklZeehobfbb


          2.2. KL:LBKLBQ?KDB?FH>?EBKLJMDLMJ


     K ihfhsvx kh\j_f_gguo wdki_jbf_glZevguo f_lh^bd j_gl]_gh-kljmdlmjgh]h
ZgZebaZ fh`gh h^gh\j_f_ggh ihemqZlv k\_^_gby h kj_^g_f \h \j_f_gb jZkiheh`_gbb
Zlhfh\ \ h[t_f_ djbklZeebq_kdh]h \_s_kl\Z Z lZd`_ h ^bgZfbd_   bo  l_ieh\uo
dhe_[ZgbcH^gZdh\[hevrbgkl\_jZ[hl
^bgZfbq_kdb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb l_ieh\uo dhe_[Zgbc Zlhfh\ g_ h[km`^Zxlky NZdlbq_kdb
wlhhagZqZ_lqlhjZkkfZljb\Z_fu_fh^_ebhlghkylkydjZajy^m


klZlbq_kdbo < klZlbq_kdhc  fh^_eb  djbklZeebq_kdhc  kljmdlmju bf__lky g_kdhevdh
mjh\g_c lZ[ebpZ 


LZ[ebpZKlZlbklbq_kdZyfh^_evdjbklZeebq_dhckljmdlmju


              Lbifh^_eb                 I_j\bqgZyljZdlh\dZ               HibkZgb_

r - fh^_ev                                        ---               { R } + { rj } + N