Современные методы исследования и описания кристаллических структур. Самойлов А.М. - 6 стр.

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3
khljm^gbdh\ AgZy qlhfhev NaCl   ]aZgbfZ_l \ l\_j^hf khklhygbb h[t_f
jZ\guc  kf
3
 b qlh \ wlhf h[t_f_ kh^_j`blky qbkeh :\h]Z^jh
N
A
= 6,023
×
10
23
dZ`^h]h babhgh\
Na
+
b
Cl
−
 Z\k_]h
×
10
24
bhgh\e_]dh jZkkqblZlvkj_^gb_ agZq_gby
f_`Zlhfguo jZkklhygbc
r
0
=
a
/2
,
ijbgbfZyqlhbhgu
Na
+
b
Cl
−
ihhq_j_^gh aZgbfZxl
maeu dm[bq_kdhc yq_cdb \ djbklZeebq_kdhc kljmdlmj_
NaCl
 GZ hkgh\Zgbb wlh]h
^hims_gbyihemqZ_lky
r
26,9
1,2 10
2,8 10 ñì 0,28íì
0
24
3
8
=
×
=× =
−
( 1.6 )
LZdbfh[jZahf ihemq_ggZy\_ebqbgZ^ey
r
0
khbaf_jbfZ k ^ebghc \hegu
oZjZdl_jbklbq_kdh]hj_gl]_gh\kdh]hbaemq_gby
D-
k_jbbBkoh^ybamkeh\by^bnjZdpbb
110
0
≤≤
U
λ
( 1.7 )
FEZmwij_^iheh`beqlh\khhl\_lkl\bbkaZdhgZfb^bnjZdpbbk\_lZ
1
FZdkL_h^hj N_ebdk nhgEZmw
- 1960 ) -
g_f_pdbcnbabdeZmj_ZlGh[_e_\kdhc
ij_fbb    H[eZklb bkke_^h\Zgby l_hjby bgl_jn_j_gpbb b ^bnjZdpbb k\_lZ
Hkgh\gh_ ^hklb`_gb_ EZmw
-
ij_^kdZaZgb_ ^bnjZd
-
pbhgghc dZjlbgu ijb ijhoh`^_gbb
kd\hav djbklZeebq_kdmx j_r_ldm j_gl]_gh\kdbo emq_c Wdki_jbf_gl ih^l\_j^b\rbc
]bihl_am EZmw [ue hkms_kl\e_g < Njb^jbohf b I Dgbiibg]hf \ Fxgo_gkdhf
mgb\_jkbl_l_ >bnjZdpbhggu_ dZjlbgu hl Zlhfh\ djbklZeeZ k l_o ihj gZau\Zxl
eZmw]jZffZfb
djbklZee\qZklghklboehjb^ZgZljbyfh`_lkem`blv\dZq_kl\_^bnjZdpbhgghcj_r_ldb
^ey j_gl]_gh\kdbo emq_c Wdki_jbf_gl ih^l\_j^b\rbc ]bihl_am EZmw [ue [e_klys_
hkms_kl\e_g<Njb^jbohfbI
Dgbiibg]hf \ Fxgo_gkdhf mgb\_jkbl_l_ J_amevlZlu wlh]h hiulZ iha\hebeb jZkdjulv
kljmdlmjmdZf_gghckheb
MJ:<G?GB?<MEVN:
-
;JW==:
1
. 
                                               3
khljm^gbdh\ AgZy qlh  fhev NaCl   ]  aZgbfZ_l \ l\_j^hf khklhygbb h[t_f
jZ\guc  kf3  b qlh \ wlhf h[t_f_ kh^_j`blky qbkeh :\h]Z^jh  NA= 6,023×1023
                         +    −
dZ`^h]h ba bhgh\ Na b Cl  Z \k_]h ×1024 bhgh\ e_]dh jZkkqblZlv kj_^gb_ agZq_gby
                                                                +          −
f_`Zlhfguo jZkklhygbc r0 = a/2, ijbgbfZy qlh bhgu Na b Cl ihhq_j_^gh aZgbfZxl

maeu dm[bq_kdhc yq_cdb \ djbklZeebq_kdhc kljmdlmj_ NaCl GZ hkgh\Zgbb wlh]h
^hims_gbyihemqZ_lky

                       2 6 ,9
        r0 =   3                 = 2 ,8 × 1 0 − 8 ñì = 0 ,2 8 í ì                ( 1.6 )
                   1 ,2 × 1 0 24


LZdbf  h[jZahf  ihemq_ggZy   \_ebqbgZ  ^ey  r0  khbaf_jbfZ k ^ebghc \hegu

oZjZdl_jbklbq_kdh]hj_gl]_gh\kdh]hbaemq_gbyD- k_jbbBkoh^ybamkeh\by^bnjZdpbb

                         U0
                   1 ≤      ≤ 10                                 ( 1.7 )
                         λ
FEZmwij_^iheh`beqlh\khhl\_lkl\bbkaZdhgZfb^bnjZdpbbk\_lZ


1
    FZdkL_h^hjN_ebdknhgEZmw  - 1960 ) -g_f_pdbcnbabdeZmj_ZlGh[_e_\kdhc
ij_fbb    H[eZklb bkke_^h\Zgby l_hjby bgl_jn_j_gpbb b ^bnjZdpbb k\_lZ
Hkgh\gh_ ^hklb`_gb_ EZmw - ij_^kdZaZgb_ ^bnjZd-pbhgghc dZjlbgu ijb ijhoh`^_gbb
kd\hav djbklZeebq_kdmx j_r_ldm j_gl]_gh\kdbo emq_c Wdki_jbf_gl ih^l\_j^b\rbc
]bihl_am EZmw [ue hkms_kl\e_g < Njb^jbohf b I Dgbiibg]hf \ Fxgo_gkdhf
mgb\_jkbl_l_ >bnjZdpbhggu_ dZjlbgu hl Zlhfh\ djbklZeeZ k l_o ihj gZau\Zxl
eZmw]jZffZfb




djbklZee\qZklghklboehjb^ZgZljbyfh`_lkem`blv\dZq_kl\_^bnjZdpbhgghcj_r_ldb
^ey j_gl]_gh\kdbo emq_c Wdki_jbf_gl ih^l\_j^b\rbc ]bihl_am EZmw [ue [e_klys_
hkms_kl\e_g<Njb^jbohfbI
Dgbiibg]hf \ Fxgo_gkdhf mgb\_jkbl_l_ J_amevlZlu wlh]h hiulZ iha\hebeb jZkdjulv
kljmdlmjmdZf_gghckheb


MJ:

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