Методические указания по общей и неорганической химии для студентов геологического факультета. Семенов В.Н - 17 стр.

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ВГУ | Воронеж

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17
ijhp_kk_ hdbkebl_evgh- \hkklZgh\bl_evghc j_Zdpbb hdbkebl_ev ihgb`Z_l kl_i_gv
hdbke_gbyZ\hkklZgh\bl_ev-ih\urZ_l<hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguoj_Zd
pbyowe_dljhgui_j_oh^ylhl\hkklZgh\bl_eydhdbkebl_exijbwlhfh[s__qbkeh
we_dljhgh\hl^Z\Z_fuo\hkklZgh\bl_e_fjZ\ghh[s_fmqbkemwe_dljhgh\ijb
kh_^bgy_fuohdbkebl_e_fKe_^m_lhlf_lblvqlhhdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_ev
gu_j_Zdpbbijhl_dZxlg_lhevdh\jZkl\hjZoGZijbf_jj`Z\e_gb_`_e_aZ -wlh
hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguc ijhp_kk We_f_glu ijhy\eyxsb_ i_j_f_ggmx
\Ze_glghklvfh]mlijhy\eylvbhdbkebl_evgu_b\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\Z\
aZ\bkbfhklbhlmkeh\bcijhl_dZgbyj_ZdpbcWlh^_fhgkljbjm_lijb\_^_ggZygb`_
ko_fZ^eykh_^bg_gbcZahlZ\jZaebqguokl_i_gyohdbke_gby<\ukrbokl_i_gyo
hdbke_gbyhgby\eyxlkykbevgufhdbkebl_eyfb\gbarbo -kbevgufb\hkklZgh
\bl_eyfb .
\hajZklZgb_\hkklZgh\bl_evguok\hckl\
←
- 3 - 1 - 1/3 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
NH
3
NH
2
OH HN
3
N
2
N
2
O NO N
2
O
3
NO
2
N
2
O
5
→
\hajZklZgb_hdbkebl_evguok\hckl\
<Z`g_crbfb\hkklZgh\bl_eyfby\eyxlkyf_lZeeu\h^hjh^kh_^bg_gby\
dhlhjuowe_f_glugZoh^ylky\gbadhckl_i_gbhdbke_gbyH
2
S, HI, NH
3
, COb^jm
]b_
<Z`g_crb_hd bkeb l_ebg_f_lZeeukh_^bg_gby\dhlhjuowe_f_glugZoh
^ylky\\ukr_ckl_i_gbhdbke_gbyDMnH
4
, K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
bl^
H[uqgh\u^_eyxlljblbiZhdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguo j_Zdpbc
1)F_`fhe_dmeyjgu_ (kl_i_gbhdbke_gbybaf_gyxlZlhfujZaguofhe_dme
+ 7 -1 0 + 2
2DMnH
4
+ 18GK = 5K
2
DK MnK
2
+ 8G
2
H
2)<gmljbfhe_dmeyjgu_kl_i_gbhdbke_gbybaf_gyxljZagu_Zlhfuh^ghc
blhc `_fhe_dmeu
+ 5 - 2 - 1 0
4DClHa = 4DK + 3O
2
3) >bkijhihjpbhgbjh\Zgbyh^bgblhl `_ Zlhf \uklmiZ_l \ dZq_kl\_ b
hdbkebl_eyb\hkklZgh\bl_ey
+ 5 + 7 - 1
4DClHa = DKlH
4
DK
>ey j_Zdpbbdhgijhihjpbhgbjh\Zgby gZh[hjhl b hdbke_gghc b \hkklZgh\
e_gghcnhjfhcy\ey_lkyh^bgblhl`_Zlhfbhg:
+ 4 0 + 2
TiCl
4
+ Ti = 2 TiCl
2
Hij_^_e_gb_kl_obhf_ljbq_kdbodhwnnbpb_glh\\mjZ\g_gbbhdbkeb
                                                17


ijhp_kk_ hdbkebl_evgh- \hkklZgh\bl_evghc j_Zdpbb hdbkebl_ev ihgb`Z_l kl_i_gv
hdbke_gbyZ\hkklZgh\bl_ev-ih\urZ_l<hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguoj_Zd
pbyowe_dljhgui_j_oh^ylhl\hkklZgh\bl_eydhdbkebl_exijbwlhfh[s__qbkeh
we_dljhgh\hl^Z\Z_fuo\hkklZgh\bl_e_fjZ\ghh[s_fmqbkemwe_dljhgh\ijb
kh_^bgy_fuohdbkebl_e_fKe_^m_lhlf_lblvqlhhdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_ev
gu_j_Zdpbbijhl_dZxlg_lhevdh\jZkl\hjZoGZijbf_jj`Z\e_gb_`_e_aZ -wlh
hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguc ijhp_kk We_f_glu ijhy\eyxsb_ i_j_f_ggmx
\Ze_glghklvfh]mlijhy\eylvbhdbkebl_evgu_b\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\Z\
aZ\bkbfhklbhlmkeh\bcijhl_dZgbyj_ZdpbcWlh^_fhgkljbjm_lijb\_^_ggZygb`_
ko_fZ^eykh_^bg_gbcZahlZ\jZaebqguokl_i_gyohdbke_gby<\ukrbokl_i_gyo
hdbke_gbyhgby\eyxlkykbevgufhdbkebl_eyfb\gbarbo -kbevgufb\hkklZgh
\bl_eyfb .

                \hajZklZgb_\hkklZgh\bl_evguok\hckl\
←
-3   -1   - 1/3     0     +1      +2     +3      +4   +5
NH3 NH2OH  HN3      N2    N2O    NO     N2O3    NO2   N2O5
→
                  \hajZklZgb_hdbkebl_evguok\hckl\

      bkijhihjpbhgbjh\Zgby  h^bg  b lhl `_ Zlhf \uklmiZ_l \ dZq_kl\_ b
hdbkebl_eyb\hkklZgh\bl_ey
                                        +5              +7         -1
                                4DClHa = DKlH4DK
   >ey j_Zdpbb  dhgijhihjpbhgbjh\Zgby gZh[hjhl b hdbke_gghc b \hkklZgh\
e_gghcnhjfhcy\ey_lkyh^bgblhl`_Zlhf bhg :
                                      +4            0    +2
                                     TiCl4 + Ti = 2 TiCl2
      Hij_^_e_gb_   kl_obhf_ljbq_kdbo   dhwnnbpb_glh\  \  mjZ\g_gbb   hdbkeb

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