Методические указания по общей и неорганической химии для студентов геологического факультета. Семенов В.Н - 18 стр.

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ВГУ | Воронеж

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18
l_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguoj_Zdpbbh[uqghijh\h^ylkijbf_g_gb_ff_lh^Zwe_d
ljhggh]h[ZeZgkZJZkkfhljbfwlhlf_lh^gZijbf_j_j_Zdpbb
+ 7 -2 + 6 0 +2
KMnO
4
+ H
2
S + H
2
SO
4
= S + MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
1) Hij_^_ey_fkl_i_gb hdbke_gby \k_o we_f_glh\bgZoh^bf Zlhfu baf_
gb\rb_kl_i_gbhdbke_gby
2)KhklZ\ey_fko_fmhljZ`Zxsmxijhp_kki_j_^Zqbwe_dljhgh\
Mn
+7
+ 5 e = Mn
+2
S
-2
- 2 e = S
0
3) <\h^bf ^hihegbl_evgu_fgh`bl_ebqbkehhl^Z\Z_fuo we_dljhgh\
^he`gh[ulvjZ\ghqbkemijbgbfZ_fuowe_dljhgh\
Mn
+7
+ 5 e = Mn
+2
2
S
-2
- 2 e = S
0
5
Wlb agZq_gby ij_^klZ\eyxl kh[hc kl_obhf_ljbq_kdb_dhwnnbpb_glu i_j_^
hdbkebl_e_fb\hkklZgh\bl_e_f ( Mn
+7
bS
-2
ZlZd`_i_j_^Mn
+2
bS
0
.
AZl_fmjZ\gb\Z_fdhebq_kl\hZlhfh\,g_mqZkl\mxsbo\ijhp_kk_hdbke_gby-
\hkklZgh\e_gby: 4)dhebq_kl\hZlhfh\f_lZeeh\5)dhebq_kl\h dbkehlguohklZldh\
6)dhebq_kl\hZlhfh\\h^hjh^Z.
7)Ijh\_jy_fjZkklZgh\dmdhwnnbpb_glh\ihdhebq_kl\mZlhfh\dbkehjh^Z\
e_\hcb ijZ\hcqZklyomjZ\g_gby
2KMnO
4
+ 5 H
2
S + 3 H
2
SO
4
= 5S + 2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 8 H
2
O
HIUL 1.L biuhdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguoj_Zdpbc
Z GZeblv \ ^\_ ijh[bjdb ih 0,5fek\_`_ijb]hlh\e_ggh]h jZkl\hjZkheb
`_e_aZ,,b 2dZiebjZkl\hjZk_jghcdbkehlu<h^gmijh[bjdm^h[Z\blvg_kdhev
dh dZi_ev jh^Zgb^Z Zffhgby b m[_^blvky qlh djZkgh]h hdjZrb\Zgby jZkl\hjZ g_
ijhbahreh< ^jm]mx ijh[bjdmijbeblv 2-3 dZieb H
2
O
2
b ihke_wlh]h ^h[Z\blv 2
dZieb1+
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&16QlhgZ[ex^Z_l_"
[ < ijh[bjdm ihf_klblv dmkhq_d kmevnb^Z `_e_aZ FeS b ijbeblv 1feg
jZkl\hjZ Zahlghc dbkehlu Hklhjh`gh gZ g_[hevrhf ieZf_gb ]hj_edb gZ]j_lv
ijh[bjdm H[jZlblv \gbfZgb_gZjZkl\hj_gb_kmevnb^Z`_e_aZihfmlg_gb_jZk
l\hjZh[jZam_lkyk_jZbp\_l\u^_eyxs_]hky]ZaZM[_^blvky\h[jZah\ZgbbbhgZ
Fe
3+
.
\Ihf_klblv\kmomxijh[bjdmg_fgh]hi_jfZg]ZgZlZdZebybhklhjh`ghgZ
]j_lvg_[hevrbfieZf_g_f]hj_edbIjh\_jblvdZdhc]Za\u^_ey_lky\j_amevlZl_
j_ZdpbbIhke_hoeZ`^_gbyijh[bjdb^h[Z\blv\g__g_fgh]h\h^ubihp\_lmih
emq_ggh]hjZkl\hjZhij_^_eblvijh^mdluj_Zdpbb.
]DjZkl\hjmk_jh\h^hjh^ghc\h^uijb[Z\blvg_kdhevdhdZi_evdhgp_gljb
                                             18


l_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguoj_Zdpbbh[uqghijh\h^ylkijbf_g_gb_ff_lh^Zwe_d
ljhggh]h[ZeZgkZJZkkfhljbfwlhlf_lh^gZijbf_j_j_Zdpbb
                    +7          -2   +6           0   +2
               KMnO4 + H2S + H2SO4 = S + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O
    1) Hij_^_ey_f kl_i_gb hdbke_gby \k_o we_f_glh\  b  gZoh^bf Zlhfu baf_
gb\rb_kl_i_gbhdbke_gby
    2)KhklZ\ey_fko_fmhljZ`Zxsmxijhp_kki_j_^Zqbwe_dljhgh\
                  Mn +7 + 5 e = Mn +2
                 S-2 - 2 e = S 0
     3) <\h^bf ^hihegbl_evgu_  fgh`bl_eb   qbkeh  hl^Z\Z_fuo we_dljhgh\
^he`gh[ulvjZ\ghqbkemijbgbfZ_fuowe_dljhgh\ 
                  Mn +7 + 5 e = Mn +2        2
                 S-2 - 2 e = S 0           5
      Wlb agZq_gby ij_^klZ\eyxl kh[hc kl_obhf_ljbq_kdb_  dhwnnbpb_glu i_j_^
hdbkebl_e_fb\hkklZgh\bl_e_f ( Mn +7 bS-2 ZlZd`_i_j_^Mn+2bS0.
      AZl_fmjZ\gb\Z_fdhebq_kl\hZlhfh\,g_mqZkl\mxsbo\ijhp_kk_hdbke_gby-
\hkklZgh\e_gby: 4)dhebq_kl\hZlhfh\f_lZeeh\5)dhebq_kl\hdbkehlguohklZldh\
6)dhebq_kl\hZlhfh\\h^hjh^Z.
      7)Ijh\_jy_fjZkklZgh\dmdhwnnbpb_glh\ihdhebq_kl\mZlhfh\dbkehjh^Z\
e_\hcbijZ\hcqZklyomjZ\g_gby

      2KMnO4 + 5 H2S + 3 H2SO4 = 5S + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8 H2O


                HIUL 1.Lbiuhdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguoj_Zdpbc
      Z  GZeblv \ ^\_ ijh[bjdb ih 0,5  fe  k\_`_ijb]hlh\e_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ kheb
`_e_aZ ,, b 2dZiebjZkl\hjZk_jghcdbkehlu<h^gmijh[bjdm^h[Z\blvg_kdhev
dh dZi_ev jh^Zgb^Z Zffhgby b m[_^blvky qlh djZkgh]h hdjZrb\Zgby jZkl\hjZ g_
ijhbahreh < ^jm]mx ijh[bjdm ijbeblv 2-3 dZieb H2O2 b ihke_ wlh]h ^h[Z\blv 2
dZieb1+4&16QlhgZ[ex^Z_l_"
      [  < ijh[bjdm ihf_klblv dmkhq_d kmevnb^Z `_e_aZ FeS b ijbeblv 1  fe g
jZkl\hjZ Zahlghc dbkehlu  Hklhjh`gh gZ g_[hevrhf ieZf_gb ]hj_edb gZ]j_lv
ijh[bjdm  H[jZlblv \gbfZgb_ gZjZkl\hj_gb_kmevnb^Z`_e_aZihfmlg_gb_jZk
l\hjZ h[jZam_lkyk_jZ bp\_l\u^_eyxs_]hky]ZaZM[_^blvky\h[jZah\ZgbbbhgZ
Fe3+.
      \ Ihf_klblv\kmomxijh[bjdmg_fgh]hi_jfZg]ZgZlZdZebybhklhjh`ghgZ
]j_lvg_[hevrbfieZf_g_f]hj_edbIjh\_jblvdZdhc]Za\u^_ey_lky\j_amevlZl_
j_ZdpbbIhke_hoeZ`^_gbyijh[bjdb^h[Z\blv\g__g_fgh]h\h^ubihp\_lmih
emq_ggh]hjZkl\hjZhij_^_eblvijh^mdluj_Zdpbb.
      ] DjZkl\hjmk_jh\h^hjh^ghc\h^uijb[Z\blvg_kdhevdhdZi_evdhgp_gljb

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