Методические указания по общей и неорганической химии для студентов геологического факультета. Семенов В.Н - 20 стр.

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ВГУ | Воронеж

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20
^Zfb fh]ml[ulvbhgu beb fhe_dmeu g_hj]Zgbq_kdhc beb hj]Zgbq_kdhc ijbjh^u
QZklbpu\gmlj_gg_ckn_juk\yaZgu^jm]k^jm]hfhkh[_gghijhqgh wlmqZklvdhf
ie_dkgh]hkh_^bg_gbyijbgZibkZgbbaZdexqZxl\d\Z^jZlgu_kdh[db<gmlj_ggyy
kn_jZdhfie_dkZ\uklmiZ_ldZdkZfhklhyl_evgZy_^bgbpZb\ijhp_kkZo^bkkhpbZ
pbbb\obfbq_kdboj_Zdpbyo
Obfbq_kdZyk\yavf_`^mdhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_e_fbeb]Zg^hfh[jZam_lkyih
^hghjgh-Zdp_ilhjghfmf_oZgbafmEb]Zg^ij_^hklZ\ey_lwe_dljhggmxiZjmZdhf
ie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_ev -k\h[h^gmxhj[blZev<k\yabkwlbfdhfie_dkgucbhgh[eZ
^Z_l[hevrhcmklhcqb\hklvxbijb^bkkhpbZpbb \ jZkl\hj_kms_kl\m_lkZfhklhy
l_evgh Dhfie_dkgh_ kh_^bg_gb_ h[s_]h \b^Z>ML
n
]X
m
^bkkhpbbjm_l ke_^mxsbf
h[jZahf
[ML
n
]X
m
↔ [ML
n
]
m+
+ m X
-
KZfdhfie_dkgucbhglZd`_kihkh[_g^bkkhpbbjh\Zlvghm`_dZdkeZ[ucwe_d
ljheblDhfie_dkgu_kh_^bg_gbyih^^_ckl\b_fjZkl\hjbl_eyihke_^h\Zl_evghl_
jyxleb]Zg^u (^bkkhpbZpbyijhl_dZ_lklmi_gqZlh),b\dhg_qghfkq_l_wlhlnpopecc
fh`gh\ujZablvke_^mxsbfh[jZahf
[ML
n
]
m+
↔ M
m+
+ n L
Dhebq_kl\_gghwlhjZ\gh\_kb_oZjZdl_jbam_lkyh[s_cdhgklZglhcg_klhcdh
klb:
[M
m+
] [ L]
n
K
= ------------------
[ [ML
n
]
m+
]
Q_f[h evr_wlZ\_ebqbgZl_ff_g__mklhcqb\hwlhdhfie_dkgh_kh_^bg_gb_
>eyg_dhlhjuokh_^bg_gbc^\hcgu_kheb dhgklZglZg_klhcdhklbgZklhevdh \_eb
dZqlhhgb\jZkl\hj_jZkiZ^ZxlkygZkhklZ\gu_ijhklu_bhgu
DZ`^h_ dhhj^bgZpbhggh_ kh_^bg_gb_ oZjZdl_jbam_lkydhhj^bgZpbhgguf
qbkehfb_fdhklvxeb]Zg^Z. Dhhj^bgZpbhggh_qbkeh - wlhqbkeh Zlhfh\bebbo
]jmii, dhhj^bgbjm_fuodhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_e_fHgh jZ\ghqbkemσ -k\ya_ch[
jZam_fuodhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_e_fQbkehf_kldhlhju_aZgbfZ_leb]Zg^ \h\gml
j_gg_c kn_j_ gZau\Z_lky _fdhklvx eb]Zg^Zbeb^_glZlghklvxGZijbf_j \
dhfie_dkghf bhg_>Co(NH
3
)
4
CO
3
]
+
dhhj^bgZpbhggh_ qbkeh jZ\ghijbq_f_f
dhklveb]Zg^h\NH
3
jZ\gZbCO
3
2-
-<dhfie_dkghfbhg_>Co(NH
3
)
5
CO
3
]
+
dq– 6,
_fdhklveb]Zg^h\bNH
3
bCO
3
2-
- 1.
HIULJZaebqb_f_`^m^\hcgufbkheyfbbdhfie_dkgufbkh_^bg_gbyfb
Z < ^\_ ijh[bjdb gZeblv ih 5dZi_ev jZkl\hjZ`_e_ahZffhgbcguo d\Zkph\
NH
4
Fe(SO
4
)
2
<h^gmbaijh[bjhdijbeblvg_kdhevdhdZi_evjh^Zgb^ZZffhgbyZ\
                                              20


^Zfb fh]ml [ulv bhgu beb fhe_dmeu g_hj]Zgbq_kdhc beb hj]Zgbq_kdhc ijbjh^u
QZklbpu\gmlj_gg_ckn_juk\yaZgu^jm]k^jm]hfhkh[_gghijhqghwlmqZklvdhf
ie_dkgh]hkh_^bg_gbyijbgZibkZgbbaZdexqZxl\d\Z^jZlgu_kdh[dbMLn]Xm ^bkkhpbbjm_l ke_^mxsbf
h[jZahf

                                [MLn]Xm ↔ [MLn] m+ + m X -
    KZfdhfie_dkgucbhglZd`_kihkh[_g^bkkhpbbjh\Zlvghm`_dZdkeZ[ucwe_d
ljheblDhfie_dkgu_kh_^bg_gbyih^^_ckl\b_fjZkl\hjbl_eyihke_^h\Zl_evghl_
jyxleb]Zg^u (^bkkhpbZpbyijhl_dZ_lklmi_gqZlh),b\dhg_qghfkq_l_wlhlnpopecc
fh`gh\ujZablvke_^mxsbfh[jZahf

                                  [MLn] m+ ↔ M m+ + n L

       Dhebq_kl\_gghwlhjZ\gh\_kb_oZjZdl_jbam_lkyh[s_cdhgklZglhcg_klhcdh
klb:
                                            [M m+] [ L]n
                                    Kg_kl = ------------------
                                             [ [MLn] m+ ]

      Q_f[hevr_wlZ\_ebqbgZl_ff_g__mklhcqb\hwlhdhfie_dkgh_kh_^bg_gb_
>eyg_dhlhjuokh_^bg_gbc ^\hcgu_kheb dhgklZglZg_klhcdhklbgZklhevdh\_eb
dZqlhhgb\jZkl\hj_jZkiZ^ZxlkygZkhklZ\gu_ijhklu_bhgu
      DZ`^h_ dhhj^bgZpbhggh_ kh_^bg_gb_ oZjZdl_jbam_lky  dhhj^bgZpbhgguf
qbkehfb_fdhklvxeb]Zg^Z. Dhhj^bgZpbhggh_qbkeh- wlhqbkehZlhfh\ bebbo
]jmii , dhhj^bgbjm_fuodhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_e_fHghjZ\ghqbkemσ -k\ya_ch[
jZam_fuodhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_e_fQbkehf_kldhlhju_aZgbfZ_leb]Zg^ \h\gml
j_gg_c kn_j_  gZau\Z_lky _fdhklvx eb]Zg^Z  beb ^_glZlghklvx   GZijbf_j  \
dhfie_dkghf bhg_ >Co(NH3)4CO3]+ dhhj^bgZpbhggh_ qbkeh jZ\gh  ijbq_f  _f
dhklveb]Zg^h\NH3 jZ\gZbCO32- -<dhfie_dkghfbhg_>Co(NH3)5CO3]+ dq– 6,
_fdhklveb]Zg^h\bNH3 bCO3 2- - 1.


 HIULJZaebqb_f_`^m^\hcgufbkheyfbbdhfie_dkgufbkh_^bg_gbyfb

   Z  < ^\_ ijh[bjdb gZeblv ih 5 dZi_ev jZkl\hjZ  `_e_ahZffhgbcguo d\Zkph\
NH4Fe(SO4)2<h^gmbaijh[bjhdijbeblvg_kdhevdhdZi_evjh^Zgb^ZZffhgbyZ\

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