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air, Conrad began by reading items from the newspaper; but he soon realized that
he could not monitor his equipment and read at the same time. Thus, an
arrangement was made with a local music store. The store would provide Conrad
with musical recordings he could transmit in exchange for mention of the store's
name over the air. Conrad's two sons soon became involved in announcing and in
planning informal wireless concerts, which j were regular events by the summer of
1920
The First Real Broadcasters
While most of the rest of the world would continue to use the generic
wireless designation! for decades to come, people in the United] States soon
appropriated the more descriptive term broadcasting in referring to over-the-air
voice transmissions to the public. The term was not a new one. It could be found in
most dictionaries of the time as a word to describe how a farmer sowed seeds by
scattering them in all directions. Such agricultural imagery was certainly
appropriate to this new concept of wireless use. Instead of directing its signal to a
single ship, a shore installation, or a sister station, the broadcast station threw
material out on the air for the benefit of everyone within range of the
transmission.) The transformation from communications to mass communications
vehicle was suddenly underway.
As the Pittsburgh experiment became replicated in more and more
localities, different motivations for broadcasting gradually emerged. Some stations,
like the University of Wisconsin's 9XM, continued to function as testing
laboratories but added weather and musical programs as by-product public
services. Other stations, such as the Detroit News's 8MK, were seen as low-cost
public relations devices for their parent companies. Still others, like KDKA itself,
were in the business of stimulating sales for their company's own electrical
products. While the spotlight was now on broadcasting rather than on wireless
telephony, no one as yet saw the activity as a self-standing business, let alone a
promising new profession. In 1921, the Department of Commerce issued thirty-two
radio licenses, a number that would increase tenfold over the course of the
following three years. Wisconsin's 9XM became WHA, and the Detroit News's
8MK became WWJ; it was purchased in 1989 by CBS. By July, the Radio
Corporation of America (formerly American Marconi) was also dabbling in
broadcasting from its Hoboken, New Jersey, facility by retransmitting a telephoned
description of the Dempsey-Carpen-tier heavyweight boxing match from a stadium
in Jersey City. The first newly designated broadcast license was issued as WBZ to
a station in Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Crosley Radio Corporation began
mass-producing radio receivers with a $35 price tag. In short, the year 1921 proved
a transition between the raw experimentation of the first mass wireless telephonic
episodes and the emergence of radio as a true broadcast medium in 1922. The
course of events accelerated as major players entered the field. RCA acquired
Newark station WJZ from Westinghouse (a station that had been built only months
air, Conrad began by reading items from the newspaper; but he soon realized that
he could not monitor his equipment and read at the same time. Thus, an
arrangement was made with a local music store. The store would provide Conrad
with musical recordings he could transmit in exchange for mention of the store's
name over the air. Conrad's two sons soon became involved in announcing and in
planning informal wireless concerts, which j were regular events by the summer of
1920
The First Real Broadcasters
While most of the rest of the world would continue to use the generic
wireless designation! for decades to come, people in the United] States soon
appropriated the more descriptive term broadcasting in referring to over-the-air
voice transmissions to the public. The term was not a new one. It could be found in
most dictionaries of the time as a word to describe how a farmer sowed seeds by
scattering them in all directions. Such agricultural imagery was certainly
appropriate to this new concept of wireless use. Instead of directing its signal to a
single ship, a shore installation, or a sister station, the broadcast station threw
material out on the air for the benefit of everyone within range of the
transmission.) The transformation from communications to mass communications
vehicle was suddenly underway.
As the Pittsburgh experiment became replicated in more and more
localities, different motivations for broadcasting gradually emerged. Some stations,
like the University of Wisconsin's 9XM, continued to function as testing
laboratories but added weather and musical programs as by-product public
services. Other stations, such as the Detroit News's 8MK, were seen as low-cost
public relations devices for their parent companies. Still others, like KDKA itself,
were in the business of stimulating sales for their company's own electrical
products. While the spotlight was now on broadcasting rather than on wireless
telephony, no one as yet saw the activity as a self-standing business, let alone a
promising new profession. In 1921, the Department of Commerce issued thirty-two
radio licenses, a number that would increase tenfold over the course of the
following three years. Wisconsin's 9XM became WHA, and the Detroit News's
8MK became WWJ; it was purchased in 1989 by CBS. By July, the Radio
Corporation of America (formerly American Marconi) was also dabbling in
broadcasting from its Hoboken, New Jersey, facility by retransmitting a telephoned
description of the Dempsey-Carpen-tier heavyweight boxing match from a stadium
in Jersey City. The first newly designated broadcast license was issued as WBZ to
a station in Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Crosley Radio Corporation began
mass-producing radio receivers with a $35 price tag. In short, the year 1921 proved
a transition between the raw experimentation of the first mass wireless telephonic
episodes and the emergence of radio as a true broadcast medium in 1922. The
course of events accelerated as major players entered the field. RCA acquired
Newark station WJZ from Westinghouse (a station that had been built only months
