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r
r ≥ 1
N = d
d = 1
R
N
ϕ E
1
⊂ E
0
R
N
d = 1 N = 2 E = (0, 3π/2) ϕ :
½
x = cos t
y = sin t
.
ϕ
0
(t) = (− sin t, cos t)
T
sin cos
rang ϕ
0
(t) = 1 t
ϕ
E
E
1
= (−π, π/2)
d = 1 N = 3 E = (−∞, ∞) ϕ :
(
x = t
y = 0
z = 0
.
ϕ
0
rang ϕ
0
= 1
ϕ
x
