ВУЗ:
Составители:
Рубрика:
20
ih\_joghklb\h^uie_gdbkih\ur_gghcdhgp_gljZpb_cohjhrhjZkl\hjbfuo
khe_c
Na
b
K
<ki_gb\Zgb_hij_^_eyxlihdhwnnbpb_glm\ki_gb\Zgby
F = 62
]
Na
+
+ 73
]
K
+
>eyjZaebqguo\h^
rNa; rK –
kh^_j`Zgb_1DbD\ffhev^f
3
\h
^u
G_\ki_gb\ZxsZyky\h^u
F
<
60;
Ihem \ki_gb\Zx sZyky\h^Z
60
<
F
<
200;
<ki_gb\ZxsZyky\h^Z
F
>
200.
Dhjjhaby
–
jZat_^Zgb_kl_ghddhleZ<p_eyoij_^mij_`^_gbydhjjhabb
\\h^_^eyiZjh\uodhleh\^he`gh[ulv
N
2
O
5
<f]^f
3
; Cl
<f]^f
3
,
hj
]Zgbq_kdbo\_s_kl\<f]e&D62
4
b6L2
2
-
g_agZqbl_evgh_dhebq_kl\hH
2
<
f]^f
3
.
Kmoh]hhklZldZ\h^ug_[he__ f]^f
3
G_^himklbfhgZebqb_Z]
j_kkb\ghcm]e_dbkehluk_jh\h^hjh^Zj_Zdpby\h^u^he`gZ[ulvs_ehqghc
Hp_gdZ\h^u^eybjjb]Zpbb
Fbg_jZebaZpby<f]^f
3
–
\h^Z[_a\j_^gZy
- " - 1700 –
f]^f
3
–
g_^himklbfZy
- " -
>f]^f
3
–
\h^Zg_ijb]h^gZy^eyhjhr_gby
GZb[he__\j_^gufby\eyxlkykheb
Na
+
>himkdZ_lkyke_^mxs__kh^_j
`Zgb_bo^eyohjhrhijhgbpZ_fuoihq\
Na
2
CO
3
–
]^f
3
NaCl
−]^f
3
Na
2
SO
4
– 4
]^f
3
Bgh]^Z ijb hp_gd_ dZq_kl\Z hjhkbl_evguo\h^ ijbf_gyxl bjjb]Zpbhg
gucdhwnnbpb_glD \u\_^_ggucwfibjbq_kdb<uqbke_gb__]hijhba\h^blky
ihnhjfme_
Clr5
288
K
a
=
\\h^_ijbkmlkl\m_l
NaCl;
Clr4Nar
288
K
a
+
=
+
\\h^_ijbkmlkl\mxl
NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
;
4
SOr9Clr5Nar10
288
aK
++
=
ijbkmlkl\mxl
NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
?kebD
> 18 –\h^u\iheg_ijb]h^gu^eybjjb]Zpbb
18 >D
> 1,2 –g_h[oh^bfhijh\_^_gb_bkdmkkl\_ggh]h^j_gZ`Z
D
< 1,2 –\h^ug_ijb]h^gu^eybjjb]Zpbb
:]j_kkb\gh_^_ckl\b_\h^ugZ[_lhg
:]j_kkb\ghklvx \h^u gZau\Z_lky __ kihkh[ghklv jZajmrZlv jZaebqgu_
khhjm`_gbyJZaebqZxlke_^mxsb_\b^uZ]j_kkb\ghklb\h^um]e_dbkehlgmx
\us_eZqb\Zxsmx h[s_dbkehlgmx km evnZlgmx fZ]g_abZevgmx dbkehjh^
gmx
:]j_kkb\ghklv\us_eZqb\Zgbyijhbkoh^blaZkq_ljZkl\hj_gbydZj[h
gZlZdZevpbyb \ufu\Zgbyba[_lhgZ]b^jZlZhdbkbdZevpbyDh]^Zkh^_j`Zgb_
GKH
3
-
klhev fZeh qlh jZ\gh\_kgh_ kh^_j`Zgb_ KH
2
f_gvr_ lh]h dhlhjh_
^he`gh[ulv\jZ\gh\_kbbkKH
2
\Zlfhkn_j_^ZggZy \h^Z\k_]^Z[m^_ljZkl\h
jylv dZj[hgZl dZevpby Wlh ijhbkoh^bl \ke_^kl\b_ g_gZkus_gghklb bhgZfb
KH
3
2-
bGKH
3
-
<aZ\bkbfhklbhlkh^_j`Zgbyp_f_glZbmkeh\bc\dhlhjuo gZ
20 ih\_joghklb\h^uie_gdbkih\ur_gghcdhgp_gljZpb_cohjhrhjZkl\hjbfuo khe_cNabKeyjZaebqguo\h^ rNa; rK – kh^_j`Zgb_1DbD\ffhev^f3\h ^u G_\ki_gb\ZxsZyky\h^uF < 60; Ihem\ki_gb\ZxsZyky\h^Z 60 < F < 200; 200. Dhjjhaby –jZat_^Zgb_kl_ghddhleZ<p_eyoij_^mij_`^_gbydhjjhabb \\h^_^eyiZjh\uodhleh\^he`gh[ulvN2O5 <f]^f3; Cl <f]^f3, hj ]Zgbq_kdbo\_s_kl\<f]e&D624b6L22 - g_agZqbl_evgh_dhebq_kl\hH2 < f]^f3. Kmoh]h hklZldZ \h^u g_ [he__ f]^f3 G_^himklbfh gZebqb_Z] j_kkb\ghcm]e_dbkehluk_jh\h^hjh^Zj_Zdpby\h^u^he`gZ[ulvs_ehqghc Hp_gdZ\h^u^eybjjb]Zpbb Fbg_jZebaZpby<f]^f3–\h^Z[_a\j_^gZy - " - 1700 –f]^f3–g_^himklbfZy - " - >f]^f3–\h^Zg_ijb]h^gZy^eyhjhr_gby GZb[he__\j_^gufby\eyxlkykhebNa+>himkdZ_lkyke_^mxs__kh^_j `Zgb_bo^eyohjhrhijhgbpZ_fuoihq\Na2CO3 –]^f3 NaCl −]^f3 Na2SO4 – 4]^f3 Bgh]^Z ijb hp_gd_ dZq_kl\Z hjhkbl_evguo \h^ ijbf_gyxl bjjb]Zpbhg gucdhwnnbpb_glDZ\u\_^_ggucwfibjbq_kdb 18 –\h^u\iheg_ijb]h^gu^eybjjb]Zpbb 18 >DZ > 1,2 –g_h[oh^bfhijh\_^_gb_bkdmkkl\_ggh]h^j_gZ`Z DZ < 1,2 –\h^ug_ijb]h^gu^eybjjb]Zpbb :]j_kkb\gh_^_ckl\b_\h^ugZ[_lhg :]j_kkb\ghklvx \h^u gZau\Z_lky __ kihkh[ghklv jZajmrZlv jZaebqgu_ khhjm`_gbyJZaebqZxlke_^mxsb_\b^uZ]j_kkb\ghklb\h^um]e_dbkehlgmx \us_eZqb\Zxsmx h[s_dbkehlgmx kmevnZlgmx fZ]g_abZevgmx dbkehjh^ gmx :]j_kkb\ghklv\us_eZqb\Zgbyijhbkoh^blaZkq_ljZkl\hj_gbydZj[h gZlZdZevpbyb\ufu\Zgbyba[_lhgZ]b^jZlZhdbkbdZevpbyDh]^Zkh^_j`Zgb_ GKH3- klhev fZeh qlh jZ\gh\_kgh_ kh^_j`Zgb_ KH2 f_gvr_ lh]h dhlhjh_ ^he`gh[ulv\jZ\gh\_kbbkKH2\Zlfhkn_j_^ZggZy\h^Z\k_]^Z[m^_ljZkl\h jylv dZj[hgZl dZevpby Wlh ijhbkoh^bl \ke_^kl\b_ g_gZkus_gghklb bhgZfb KH32-bGKH3-<aZ\bkbfhklbhlkh^_j`Zgbyp_f_glZbmkeh\bc\dhlhjuogZ