Гидрогеоэкология. Смирнова А.Я. - 5 стр.

UptoLike

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

5
jZaghgZqbgZlvZgZebam\h^hbklhqgbdZkhij_^_e_gby
NO
2
-
b
NO
3
-
(
kfgb`_
bkihevamy^eywlhcp_eblj_lvx
aZiZkgmxdhehjbf_ljbq_kdmxijh[bjdm
Hij_^_e_gb_bhgZZffhgby(NH
4
+
)
Bkke_^m _fmx\h^mgZeb\Zxl\ijh[bjdm^hf_ldbfe\kuiZxlf_jgbd
hdheh]k_]g_lh\hckheb\a[Zelu\Zxlkh^_j`bfh_ijh[bjdb^hjZkl\h
j_gbydjbklZeeh\bijb[Z\eyxlhdhehfebalZjbjh\ZgghcdZi_evgbpuj_
Zdlb\ZG_kke_jZJZkl\hjkgh\Z\a[Zelu\Zxlbq_j_aljbfbgmludhehjbf_ljb
jmxl jZkkfZljb\Zy kh^_j`bfh_ ijh[bjdb k\_jom Dhehjbf_ljbq_kdZy rdZeZ
khklZ\e_gZ^eyke_^mxsboagZq_gbcbhgZZffhgby\
(NH
4
+
)
f]^f
3
:
0,05 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,7 1,0 1,5
?keb hdjZkdZ `b^dhklb hdZ`_lky bgl_gkb\g__ kZfh]h yjdh]h wlZehgZ
jZkl\hjdhehjbf_ljbjmxljZkkfZljb\Zykh^_j`bfh_ijh[bjdbk[hdm<lZdbo
kemqZyo ihemq_gguc j_amevlZl mljZb\Zxl ?keb b ijb jZkkfZljb\Zgbb k[hdm
hdjZkdZ hdZ`_lky yjq_ djZcg_]h wlZehgZ aZibku\Zxl j_amevlZl
NH
4
+
>
4,5
f]e
Hij_^_e_gb_gbljZl-bhgZNO
3
-
)
Hij_^_e_gb_ hkgh\Zgh gZ \hkklZgh\e_gbb \s_ehqghf jZkl\hj_gbljZl
-
bhgZkihfhsvxkieZ\Z>_\Zj^Z^hbhgZ
NH
4
+
bdhehjbf_ljbq_kdhfhij_^_e_
gbbihke_^g_]hkj_Zdlb\hfG_kke_jZHij_^_e_gbx1H
3
-
ij_^r_kl\m_lhij_
^_e_gb_1+
4
+
Baihemq_ggh]hihke_\hkklZgh\e_gby1H
3
-
j_amevlZlZ\uqblZxl
dhebq_kl\h
NH
4
+
kh^_j`Zs_]hky\\h^_
<ihebwlbe_gh\uc[Zeehgqbd_fdhklvx
-
fegZeb\Zxlhdhehfe
ijbf_jgh iheh\bgm [ZeehgqbdZ bkke_^m_fhc \h^u ijb[Z\eyxl ba lZjbjh
\Zgghc dZi_evgbpu hdhehfe 
-
gh]h jZkl\hjZ _^dh]h gZljZ b f_jgbd
hdheh] kieZ\Z >_\Zj^Z HklZ\eyxl [Zeehgqbd gZ
-
 fbgmlijh[dhc
aZdju\Zlvg_evayIhke_\uklZb\Zgbyhleb\Zxl`b^dhklvg_\afmqb\ZyhkZ^
dZ \ dhehjbf_ljbq_kdmx ijh[bjdm ^h f_ldbfe b ijhba\h^yl hij_^_e_gb_
bhgZZffhgby
NH
4
+
)
dZdmdZaZgh\ur_Dhebq_kl\h
NH
3
-
\f]^f
3
OjZkkqb
lu\Zxlihnhjfme_
O Z[
.
3,4,
]^_Zkh^_j`Zgb_NH
4
+
, gZc^_ggh_ijbhij_^_e_gbb1H
3
-
f]^f
3
;
[kh^_j`Zgb_NH
4
+
\bkke_^m_fhc\h^_f]^f
3
;
3,4 –dhwnnbpb_gli_j_kq_lZNH
4
+
\1H
3
-
.
Ihemq_ggucj_amevlZlhdjm]eyxl^hp_euoqbk_e
Ijbf_qZgby<\b^mlh]hqlhfZdkbfZevghhij_^_ey_fh_dhebq_kl\h
NH
4
+
ihf_lh^bd_ijbgylhc\^ZgghceZ[hjZlhjbbkhklZ\ey_lf]^f
3
dh
ebq_kl\_ggh_hij_^_e_gb_1H
3
-
\hafh`ghijbkh^_j`Zgbbgbljbl-bhgZg_[h
e__-f]^f
3
 ?keb \ bkke_^m_fhc \h^_dhebq_kl\h1H
3
-
hdZ`_lky[hevr_
\hafh`ghclhj_amevlZluaZibku\Zxl1H
3
-
>:f]^f
3
]^_: 
-16.
2.
Mqblu\Zyqlh\ijhp_kk_\uiheg_gbyhij_^_e_gby1H
3
-
ijh[_ijboh^blky
hlghkbl_evgh^he]hklhylvp_e_khh[jZagh\uiheg_gb_ZgZebaZgZqbgZlvkhi
j_^_e_gby1H
3
-
b1H
2
-
kf\ur_
                                         5

jZaghgZqbgZlvZgZebam\h^hbklhqgbdZkhij_^_e_gby NO2-bNO3- (kfgb`_ 
bkihevamy^eywlhcp_eblj_lvx–aZiZkgmxdhehjbf_ljbq_kdmxijh[bjdm

                        Hij_^_e_gb_bhgZZffhgby(NH4+)
      Bkke_^m_fmx\h^mgZeb\Zxl\ijh[bjdm^hf_ldbfe\kuiZxlf_jgbd
 hdheh] k_]g_lh\hckheb\a[Zelu\Zxlkh^_j`bfh_ijh[bjdb^hjZkl\h
j_gbydjbklZeeh\bijb[Z\eyxlhdhehfebalZjbjh\ZgghcdZi_evgbpuj_
Zdlb\ZG_kke_jZJZkl\hjkgh\Z\a[Zelu\Zxlbq_j_aljbfbgmludhehjbf_ljb
jmxl jZkkfZljb\Zy kh^_j`bfh_ ijh[bjdb k\_jom Dhehjbf_ljbq_kdZy rdZeZ
khklZ\e_gZ^eyke_^mxsboagZq_gbcbhgZZffhgby\(NH4+) f]^f3:

         0,05       0,1        0,2        0,4       0,7        1,0        1,5

      ?keb hdjZkdZ `b^dhklb hdZ`_lky bgl_gkb\g__ kZfh]h yjdh]h wlZehgZ
jZkl\hjdhehjbf_ljbjmxljZkkfZljb\Zykh^_j`bfh_ijh[bjdbk[hdm<lZdbo
kemqZyo ihemq_gguc j_amevlZl mljZb\Zxl ?keb b ijb jZkkfZljb\Zgbb k[hdm
hdjZkdZ hdZ`_lky yjq_ djZcg_]h wlZehgZ aZibku\Zxl j_amevlZl NH4+ > 4,5
f]e

                             Hij_^_e_gb_gbljZl-bhgZ NO3-)
        Hij_^_e_gb_ hkgh\Zgh gZ \hkklZgh\e_gbb \ s_ehqghf jZkl\hj_ gbljZl-
bhgZkihfhsvxkieZ\Z>_\Zj^Z^hbhgZNH4+ bdhehjbf_ljbq_kdhfhij_^_e_
gbbihke_^g_]hkj_Zdlb\hfG_kke_jZHij_^_e_gbx1H3-ij_^r_kl\m_lhij_
^_e_gb_1+4+Baihemq_ggh]hihke_\hkklZgh\e_gby1H3-j_amevlZlZ\uqblZxl
dhebq_kl\hNH4+kh^_j`Zs_]hky\\h^_
        <ihebwlbe_gh\uc[Zeehgqbd_fdhklvx-fegZeb\Zxlhdhehfe
 ijbf_jgh iheh\bgm [ZeehgqbdZ  bkke_^m_fhc \h^u ijb[Z\eyxl ba lZjbjh
\Zgghc dZi_evgbpu hdheh  fe  -gh]h jZkl\hjZ _^dh]h gZljZ b f_jgbd
 hdheh  ]  kieZ\Z >_\Zj^Z HklZ\eyxl [Zeehgqbd gZ - fbgml ijh[dhc
aZdju\Zlvg_evay Ihke_\uklZb\Zgbyhleb\Zxl`b^dhklvg_\afmqb\ZyhkZ^
dZ \ dhehjbf_ljbq_kdmx ijh[bjdm ^h f_ldb  fe b ijhba\h^yl hij_^_e_gb_
bhgZZffhgby NH4+)dZdmdZaZgh\ur_Dhebq_kl\hNH3-\f]^f3 O jZkkqb
lu\Zxlihnhjfme_
                                      O  Z–[ . 3,4,
]^_Z–kh^_j`Zgb_NH4+, gZc^_ggh_ijbhij_^_e_gbb1H3-f]^f3;
      [–kh^_j`Zgb_NH4+\bkke_^m_fhc\h^_f]^f3;
      3,4 –dhwnnbpb_gli_j_kq_lZNH4+\1H3-.
        Ihemq_ggucj_amevlZlhdjm]eyxl^hp_euoqbk_e
        Ijbf_qZgby<\b^mlh]hqlhfZdkbfZevghhij_^_ey_fh_dhebq_kl\h
NH4 ihf_lh^bd_ijbgylhc\^ZgghceZ[hjZlhjbbkhklZ\ey_lf]^f3dh
     +

ebq_kl\_ggh_hij_^_e_gb_1H3-\hafh`ghijbkh^_j`Zgbbgbljbl-bhgZg_[h
e__ - f]^f3 ?keb \ bkke_^m_fhc \h^_ dhebq_kl\h 1H3- hdZ`_lky [hevr_
\hafh`ghclhj_amevlZluaZibku\Zxl1H3- >:f]^f3]^_: -16.
2. Mqblu\Zyqlh\ijhp_kk_\uiheg_gbyhij_^_e_gby1H3-ijh[_ijboh^blky
hlghkbl_evgh^he]hklhylvp_e_khh[jZagh\uiheg_gb_ZgZebaZgZqbgZlvkhi
j_^_e_gby1H3-b1H2- kf\ur_