Science for University Students. Part II. Translations. Сологуб Л.И. - 12 стр.

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5. под заглавием Генетика и Развитие
6. качественно новые структурные черты возникают как побочные
продукты эпигенеза
7. количественные изменения процесса развития достигают
порогового уровня воздействующей системы
8. разъясняя процедуру «исторического исследования» как альтернативу
ситуации, когда полагается на «субъективно адаптивные аргументы»
9. том открывается вступлением, в котором редактор делает
обзор истории вопроса
10. предлагает перечень вкладов академии
IV. Choose any definition of evolutionary innovations and translate it into Russian.
Text 6
Visual Perception
__________________________________________________________________________
Foundation of Vision. Brian A. Wandell. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, 2002
__________________________________________________________________________
We see wonderfully well and without obvious effort, yet vision is arguably
the most difficult risk the brain faces. In Foundations of Vision Brian Wandell
has done a fine job of explaining both the complexities of the problem and the
state of our current knowledge Viewed from afar, the cover of Wandell’s book
displays a picture of an eye, an appropriate subject. But as you approach, the eye
is increasingly camouflaged by the hundreds of separate tiny images from which
it is constructed. The small component pictures (illustrations from the book) are
monochrome images of different colors and contrasts At the near distance
required to resolve their individual characteristics, the great eye itself virtually
disappears. This clever design is a useful metaphor for the visual system. When
we examine the visual mechanism closely, although we understand much about
its component parts, we fail to fathom the way in which they fit needier to
produce the whole of our complex visual perception
Wandell divides his consideration of the visual system into three parts. The
first describes the optics of the eye, the retinal photoreceptors and their
responses, and the color matching that is so well explained by reference to this
level. The second section what Wandell refers to as representation, including
information about analysis in the neural retina and the visual cortex, basic facts
about behavioral pattern sensitivity, and a discussion of multiresolution image
representations. Here he introduces computational models related to human
vision, presenting both the underlying ideas and some of the algorithms that are
used. The third section of Wandell’s book considers the most difficult problem
of all, namely, how we interpret the information that is present in the visual
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