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2) We learn from the text that:
a. cartilaginous structures on the gill arches act as mechanical sieves
b. blackfish gill arch structures are the water in the oral cavity
c. black gill arch structures are barriers to alter the direction of incoming
material
d. cartilaginous structures on the gill arches serve as some filtrating
mechanism
III. Find in the text the English counter-parts of these bits of the Russian
translation:
1. всасывать в ротовую полость
2. строматевые осуществляют свое питание по типу суспензии,
отбирая свою пищу из огромных потоков воды
3. насыщенными частицами воды
4. эти комки спускаются в пищевод
5. измерительные приборы и видеоаппаратура
6. питающиеся по типу суспензии рыбы, двустворчатые моллюски
и птицы.
IV. Translate the text into Russian
Text 4
Ocean Actions and Animal Roads
The formation of food webs in the ocean near reefs, islands, and headlands
is greatly affected by local fronts; these fronts are boundaries between two
different water masses and are generated by interaction of local currents with
local topography. Wolanski and Hamner explain how fronts, formed for
example by boundary mixing or the interaction of warm lagoon waters with
colder shelf waters, affect the distribution of organisms and particulates
throughout the water column. Rather than dispersing floating eggs, larvae, and
plankton as do currents in the open sea, locally formed eddies and jets
redistribute sediments and sweep together floating particulate materials,
concentrating them. Zoocurrents or “animal roads” form, and these
concentrations of plankton and other animals help to define the boundaries,
direction, and site of local flows. The physical phenomena operating: around
ocean topographic features concentrate organisms that are low on the food chain
and therefore also the larger animals – fishes, whales, and sea birds – that eat the
food sources assembled there.
Ruth Levy Guyer
8
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