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• Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• Transient global amnesia
• Drugs such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines
• Electroconvulsive therapy (especially if prolonged)
• Temporal lobe brain surgery
• Brain infections
• Depression
Family support should be provided. Reality orientation is recommended -- supply
familiar music, objects, or photos, to help the patient become oriented. Support for
relearning may be required in some cases. Any medication schedules should be written
down to avoid dependence on memory. Extended care facilities , such as nurs ing homes,
should be considered for people whose basic needs cannot be met in any other way, or
whose safety or nutrition is in jeopardy.
Call your health care provider if there is any unexplained memory loss. The doctor
will perform a thorough examination and take a medical history. This may require asking
questions of family members and friends.
Medical history questions documenting memory loss in detail may include the
following questions :
• Can the person remember recent events (is there impaired short-term
me mo ry )?
• Can the person remember events from further in the past (is there impaired
long-term memory)?
• Is there a loss of memory about events that occurred prior to a specific
experience (anterograde amnesia)?
• Is there a loss of memory about events that occurred soon after a specific
experience (retrograde amnesia)?
• Is there only a minimal loss of memory?
• Does the person make up stories to cover gaps in memory (confabulation)?
• Is the person suffering from low moods that impair concentration?
• Has the memory loss been getting worse over years? Has the memory loss
been developing over weeks or months?
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