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9
Texas at Austin. Physiologists have shown that this ratio accurately indicates most women's
fertility. Traditionally, in premodern ages when food was more scarce, plump people were
judged more attractive than thin ones.
Theories of beauty
The earliest theory of beauty can be found in the works of early Greek philosophers
from the pre-Socratic period, like Pythagoras. The extant writings attributed to Pythagoras
reveal that the Pythagorean school, if not Pythagoras himself, saw a strong connection
between mathematics and beauty. In particular, they noted that objects proportioned
according to the golden ratio seemed more attractive. Some modern research seems to
confirm this, in that people whose facial features are symmetric and proportioned according
the golden ratio are consistently ranked as more attractive than those whose faces are not.
Different cultures have deified beauty, typically in female forms. Here is a lis t of the
goddesses of beauty in different mythologies.
• Aphrodite - Greek mythology
• Lakshmi - Hindu mythology
• Venus - Roman mythology
Even mathematical formulae can be considered beautiful. e
iπ
+ 1 = 0 is commonly
considered one of the most beautiful theorems in mathematics.
Another connection between mathematics and beauty which played a prominent role
in Pythagoras' philosophy was the way in which musical tones can be arranged in
mathematical sequences, which repeat at regular intervals called octaves.
Beauty contests claim to be able to judge beauty. The millihelen is sometimes jokingly
defined as the scientific unit of human beauty. This derives from the legend of Helen of
Troy as presented in Christopher Marlowe's The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, in
which her beauty was said to have launched a thousand ships. The millihelen is therefore the
degree of beauty that can launch one ship.
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