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encourage more freight onto trains, because of the environmental benefits that it would
bring.
There are many different types of freight train, which are used to carry many
different kinds of freight, with many different types of wagon. One of the most common
types on modern railways are container trains, whereby the containers can be lifted on and
off the train by cranes and loaded off or onto trucks or ships.
This type of freight train has largely superseded the traditional "box wagon" type of
freight train, whereby the cargo had to be loaded or unloaded manually.
In some countries "piggy back" trains are used whereby trucks can drive straight onto
the train and drive off again when the end destination is reached. A system like this is used
on the Channel Tunnel between England and France. There are also some "inter-modal"
vehicles, which have two sets of wheels, for use in a train, or as the trailer of a road vehicle.
There are also many other types of wagon, such as "low loader" wagons for
transporting road vehicles. There are refrigerator wagons for transporting food. There are
simple types of open-topped wagons for transporting minerals and bulk material such as
coal and tankers for tranporting liquids and gases.
Freight trains are sometimes illegaly boarded by passengers who do not wish to or
have the means to travel by ordinary means. This is referred to as "Hopping" and is
considered by some communities to be a viable form of transport. Most hoppers sneak into
train yards and stow away in boxcars. More bold hoppers will catch a train "on the fly", that
is , as it is moving, leading to occasional fatalities , some of which go unrecorded.
Text 4. Aircraft
An aircraft is any machine capable of atmospheric flight.
Aircraft fall into two broad categories:
1) Heavier than air
Heavier than air aerodynes, including autogyros, helicopters and variants, and
conventional fixed-wing aircraft: aeroplanes in Commonwealth English, airplanes in
North American English.
Fixed-wing aircraft generally use an internal-combustion engine in the form of a
piston engine with a propellor or a jet engine, sometimes with a propellor, to provide thrust
that moves the craft forward through the air. The movement of air over the airfoil produces
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