Традиции, обычаи и праздники Китая (Traditions, Customs and Festivals of China). Сухомлинова С.И - 18 стр.

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Text 1. Traditional Chinese medicine
The science of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) explains the
relationship between human physiology and pathology using the
ancient theory of Yin Yang and the Five Elements. It brings together
the building blocks of physiology, pathology, diagnosis, prescription.
This comprehensive science and its unique theories form the
foundation of Chinese Medicine.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the major functions of the body
are built around the five main organs: the heart, the lungs, the
kidneys, the liver and the spleen. The Chinese call them the five Zang
or five solid organs. The system of the five Zang organs controls the
main Yin Yang balance of the body. Other organs are distributed
among these five solid organs, and all organs are connected through
channels. For example, the kidney is connected to the ears, the liver
to the eyes, etc. TCM also incorporates the concept of channels and
the meridian, the former connects the organs, while the meridian is
like a network that out from the channels and is thinner than the
channels.
Human diseases can be varied and not limited to the five organs,
but according to Chinese Medicine, all illnesses are related in some
way to those organs. Traditional Chinese medicine uses the five
organs as the central structure that links all anatomical parts to create
a whole. Once the internal organs malfunction in some way, they are
reflected in the corresponding or “paired” organs through channels as
the result, there will be differences in colour, sound, shape, and pulse.
Based on a comprehensive analysis of these symptoms, doctors can
make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the right medicines.
Diagnostics in Chinese medicine involves four methods:
observation, smell, inquiry and pulse-taking. With the trained eye, the
doctor observes the patient’s facial complexion and tongue. Next
comes smell and listening to the patient. Assessing the history of the
complaint is the basis of all good medical practice, while pulse-taking
allows the doctor to interpret from the palpation of the pulse and
assess which organ is diseased.
Most Chinese medicines are made from natural ingredients and
preparations, including plants, animals, minerals and some chemical or
biological ingredients. The history of Chinese herbal medicine
stretches back more than four thousand years. So far, those Chinese
medicines already proven by pharmaceutical scientists number over 
                    Text 1. Traditi onal C hi nese medici ne
        The scie nce o f Trad it io na l C hinese Medic ine (TCM) e xp la ins t he
re lat io ns hip bet ween hu ma n p hys io lo gy a nd pat ho lo gy us ing t he
anc ie nt t heo ry o f Y in Ya ng a nd t he Five Ele me nts. It brings to get he r
the b uild ing b locks o f p hys io lo gy, patho lo gy, d ia gnos is, prescript io n.
This co mp re he ns ive sc ie nce a nd its uniq ue t he ories form t he
fo undat io n o f Chinese Medic ine.
        In Trad it io na l C hinese Medic ine, t he major funct io ns o f t he bod y
are b uilt aro und t he five ma in orga ns : t he heart, t he lungs, t he
kid ne ys, t he live r a nd t he sp lee n. The C hinese call t he m t he five Za ng
or five so lid orga ns. The s yste m o f t he five Za ng o rga ns co nt ro ls t he
ma in Y in Ya ng ba la nce o f t he bo dy. Ot he r orga ns a re d istrib uted
a mo ng t hese five so lid orga ns, a nd all orga ns are co nnecte d t hro ug h
cha nne ls. For e xa mp le, the k id ne y is co nnected to t he ears, the liver
to t he e yes, etc. TCM a lso inco rp orates t he co ncep t o f c ha nne ls a nd
the me rid ia n, t he fo rmer co nnects the orga ns, w hile t he merid ia n is
like a netwo rk t hat o ut fro m t he cha nne ls and is t hinne r t ha n t he
cha nne ls.
        Hu ma n d iseases can be varied a nd no t li mited to t he five orga ns,
but accord ing to C hinese Med ic ine , all illnesses are re lated in so me
way to t hose orga ns. Trad it io na l C hinese med ic ine uses the five
orga ns as t he ce ntra l struct ure t ha t links a ll a nato mica l parts to c reate
a who le. Once t he interna l o rga ns ma lfunct io n in so me wa y, t he y are
re flected in t he co rrespo nd ing o r “ paired” orga ns t hro ugh c ha nne ls as
the res ult, the re w ill be d iffere nces in co lo ur, so und, shape, and p ulse.
Based o n a co mpre he ns ive a na lys i s of t hese sy mpto ms, doc tors ca n
make t he correct d ia gnos is and pres cribe t he right med ic ines.
        Dia gnost ics in C hinese me d ic ine invo lves fo ur met hods :
observa t io n, s me ll, inq uiry and p uls e-tak ing. Wit h t he tra ine d eye, t he
doctor o bserves t he pat ie nt’s fac ial co mp le xio n a nd to ngue. Ne xt
co mes s me ll a nd liste ning to t he p atie nt. Assessing t he histo ry o f t he
co mp la int is t he bas is o f all good med ica l pract ice, while p ulse-tak in g
allo ws t he doc tor to interp ret fro m t he pa lpat io n o f t he p ulse a nd
assess whic h orga n is diseased.
        Most Chinese med ic ines are made fro m na t ura l ingred ie nts and
preparat io ns, inc lud ing p la nts, ani mals, minera ls a nd so me che mica l or
bio lo gica l ingred ie nts.      The hist ory o f C hinese herba l med ic ine
stretches back mo re t ha n fo ur t ho usand yea rs. So fa r, t hose C hinese
med ic ines alread y pro ve n b y p ha rmace ut ica l sc ie nt ists nu mber o ver


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