Традиции, обычаи и праздники Китая (Traditions, Customs and Festivals of China). Сухомлинова С.И - 84 стр.

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83
empress [´emprәs] – императрица
throne [θrәʋn] – престол
virtue [´vз:ʧu:], [´vз:tju:] – целомудрие
feather[´feðә] - перо
feature[´fi:ʧә] - характерная черта, особенность
antler ['æntlә] – олений рог
pheasant ['fez(ә)nt] – фазан
embellish [im'beliʃ] – приукрашать
Task 2. Discuss the following questions.
1. Do you know some people think that some numbers have vital
importance for them?
2. What meaning has number nine in China and why it is so important
for the Chinese?
3. What mythical animals are there in Russian folk tales? Are there
any in the Chinese mythology?
Task 2. Read the texts and check your answers.
Text 1. The Number “Nine” and Imperial Buildings
(Jiu yu Huangjia Jianzhu)
It may not be common knowledge among Western visitors that
the number “nine” carried a special significance in old China. Ancient
Chinese regarded odd numbers as masculine and even numbers as
feminine. “Nine”, the largest single digit number, was taken as
representing the “ultimate masculine” and was, therefore, symbolic of
the supreme sovereignty of the emperor. For this reason, number
“nine” (or its multiples) is often employed in palace structures and
designs. A noticeable example is the number of studs on palace gates.
The studs are usually arranged in nine rows of nine each, totalling
eighty-one. This is even true of the marble gates of the “underground
palace” of the Dingling Mausoleum in Beijing: 81 (or 9x9) studs were
carved out of stone. If the visitor goes to the Temple of Guan Yu in
Luoyang, he will also find on the red gate nine rows of nine wood
studs each. This was because Guan was given posthumous honours of
an emperor.
Ancient palaces generally consisted of nine courtyards; so does
the Temple of Confucius in Qufu, Shandong Province — a magnificent
architectural complex worthy of an imperial household and testifying
to the importance attached to the great sage by the courts of various
dynasties. 
e mp ress [´e mprәs] – императрица
thro ne [θrә ʋn] – престол
virt ue [´vз :ʧ u:], [´vз :t j u:] – целом удрие
feat he r[ ´feðә] - перо
feat ure[ ´fi :ʧә] - харак терная черта, особенность
ant le r ['æ nt lә] – олений рог
pheasa nt ['fez(ә)nt] – фазан
e mbe llis h [im'be liʃ] – при украшать
       Task 2. Discuss the follo wing ques tions.
1. Do yo u know so me peop le t hink t hat so me numbe rs ha ve vita l
i mporta nce fo r t he m?
2. What mea ning has nu mber nine in C hina a nd w hy it is so i mporta nt
for t he Chinese?
3. What myt hica l a ni ma ls are t here in R uss ia n fo lk ta les? Are t here
any in t he Chinese myt ho lo gy?

      Task 2. Read the texts and check your ans wers.
         Text 1. The N umber “Ni ne ” a nd Imperial B ui ldi ngs
                           (Jiu yu H uangj ia Jianz hu)
      It ma y not be co mmo n k now le d ge a mo ng Western vis ito rs tha t
the nu mber “ nine” carried a specia l significa nce in o ld C hina. Anc ie nt
Chinese re garde d odd nu mbers as masc uline a nd e ve n nu mbers as
fe minine. “ Nine”, t he largest s ingle d igit nu mber, was take n as
represe nt ing t he “ ult imate masc uline” and was, t here fo re, s ymbo lic o f
the s upre me sove re ignt y o f t he e mpe ror. Fo r t his reaso n, nu mber
“ nine” (or its mu lt ip les) is o fte n e mp lo yed in pa lace struct ures a nd
designs. A not iceab le e xa mp le is t he nu mber o f st uds on pa lace gates.
The studs are us ua lly a rra nged in nine rows o f nine each, tota lling
eight y-o ne. This is e ve n t rue o f t he ma rb le gates o f t he “ unde rgro und
palace” o f t he D ingling Ma uso le um in Be ij ing: 81 (o r 9 x9) st uds we re
carved o ut o f sto ne. If t he vis ito r goes to t he Te mp le o f G ua n Y u i n
Luo ya ng, he w ill a lso find o n t he red gate nine rows o f nine woo d
studs eac h. This was beca use G ua n was give n post hu mo us ho no urs o f
an e mperor.
      Anc ie nt pa laces ge nera lly c o ns isted o f nine co urt ya rds; so doe s
the Te mp le o f Co nfuc ius in Q ufu, Sha nd o ng Pro vince — a ma gnifice nt
architect ura l co mp le x wo rt hy o f a n i mperia l ho use ho ld a nd test ifyin g
to the i mporta nce attac hed to t he great sage b y t he co urts o f vario us
dynast ies.


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