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12
of conjectures by mathematical proof. The research required to solve mathematical
problems can take years or even centuries of sustained inquiry. (How long… ?)
We view mathematical research as establishing truth by rigorous deduction from
appropriately chosen axioms and definitions. (How …?) When those mathematical
structures are good models of real phenomena, then mathematical reasoning often
provides insight or predictions. Practical mathematics has been a human activity for
as far back as written records exist.
According to Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), the universe cannot be read until we have
learned the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It
is written in mathematical (What language …?) language, and the letters are
triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without which it is impossible to
comprehend a single word. Without these, one is wandering about in a dark labyrinth.
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) (Who …?) referred to mathematics as "the
Queen of the Sciences".
Mathematics is used throughout the world as an essential tool in many fields,
including natural science, engineering, medicine, and the social sciences.
(Where…?) Applied mathematics, the branch of mathematics concerned with
application of mathematical knowledge to other fields, inspires and makes (What
…. do?) use of new mathematical discoveries and sometimes leads to the
development of entirely new mathematical disciplines, such as statistics and game
theory. There is no clear line (Is there …?) separating pure and applied
mathematics, and practical applications for what began as pure mathematics are often
discovered.
EXTENTION ACTIVITY
1. Make a list of five facts from this unit which interest or surprise you.
2. Write ten sentences about your routines and habits.
3. Using the vocabulary of Exercise 11 speak about any science you find interesting
or important.
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