Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 75 стр.

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syntactically organized group including either notional words (happy life, very

nice, to ignore the comment), or both notional and functional words (on the table,

in the bag, under the tree) connected with any of the existent types of syntactic

connection. The phrase is a linear language unit that can be either a part of the

sentence, or a separate sentence thus acquiring not only intonation coloring and

corresponding phrase stress, but also communicative orientation. Thus, the phrase

can be defined as a syntactically organized group of words of any

morphological composition based on any type of syntactic connection.

The difference between the phrase and the sentence

is fundamental: the

phrase is a nominative unit which fulfils the function of polynomination denoting a

complex referent (phenomenon of reality) analyzable into its component elements

together with various relations between them; the sentence is a unit of predication

which, naming a certain situational event, shows the relation of the denoted event

towards reality.

General characteristics of the phrase

are:

1) A phrase is a means of naming some phenomena or processes, just as a

word is. As a naming unit it differs from a compound word because the number of

constituents in a word-group corresponds to the number of different denotates (a

black bird – a blackbird; a loud speaker – a loudspeaker).

2) Each component of the word-group can undergo grammatical changes

without destroying the identity of the whole unit: to see a house - to see houses –

saw houses (grammatical modifications of one phrase).

A sentence is a unit with every word having its definite form. A change in

the form of one or more words would produce a new sentence.

3) A word-group is a dependent syntactic unit, it is not a communicative unit

and has no intonation of its own. Intonation is one of the most important features

of a sentence, which distinguishes it from a phrase.

The correlation of the phrase and the sentence is a bit different from that of

other language units. Usually, the sentence is considered a unit of the level higher

than the phrase. However, according to some scholars, eg. Yu. S. Maslov, the