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101
Sanitary fitting
Sanitary fittings are those appliances used in the collection and disposal
of human and domestic waste products.
They comprise commonly: water-closets, lavatory basins, baths, sinks, and urinals.
Most baths are of vitreous-enameled cast-iron; they have a square top
and are fitted with panels on any exposed sides. There is a growing tendency to
use pillar taps instead of the lately common globe-type taps, fixed on the verti-
cal end of the bath. By using pillar taps, the bib or outlet can be, raised above the
flood rim of the bath, and any danger of water pollution in the service pipes – due
to back siphonage – is made less possible. The taps are secured as in a lavatory
basin, It is important that before any tap is fixed, the tap top should be removed
and reassembled. It often happens that tap tops are abnormally tight, and a lava-
tory basin or any other fitment might be damaged.
When the tap end of a bath is close to a wall, it is necessary to couple up
the farthest tap first, then the overflow, and finally the near tap. Here again a
cranked spanner is useful.
The bath waste should be fitted before the bath is lifted into position, and
the waste pipe should be in place and complete with trap, so that only a hori-
zontal nut remains to be tightened.
As sinks are heavy and are often well loaded, they need good support. In the
old days brick pillars were often used, but they are to be deprecated. The sup-
port should be such that there is no difficulty in cleaning the wall and floor.
For this reason cantilever brackets' should be used. Special brackets can be
bought, but two pieces of angle- or tee-iron, will do admirably; they should be
well fastened in the brickwork preferably by building in. For neatness, the brack-
ets should finish about 75nut from the front of the sink and be cut diagonally.
For the same reason, they should be well away from the ends.
Valves
In general, the use of valves should be avoided where possible on hot-
water systems. It is useful however to place a valve or tap in the cold-water
feed pipe immediately under the cistern. It should be a full-way type gate valve
providing no impediment to the flow of the water. When this valve is closed,
the hot water; supply is immediately stopped, all distribution pipes can be emp-
tied and most repairs can be executed. If it is deemed necessary to control the
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