Английский язык. Юлаева С.С. - 41 стр.

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It just does. There are no written rules giving the lower house of Parliament the
power to choose and dismiss a Prime Minister. That central future of British
government developed over hundreds of years and is now a matter of custom.
Continuity and Change With its open-ended constitution, Britain has a
flexible set of rules that is always evolving and open to change. A majority vote
in Parliament can easily remove an old provision of the constitution or add a
new one. The flexibility of this system can be very useful. But there is always
the danger of ill-considered and hasty action that might fundamentally alter the
people’s rights, without the delays and safeguards that a system such as our own
would impose.
The Monarchy
The United States, France, and other countries that have no hereditary
rulers are called republics. Britain in contrast is a monarchy. Its hereditary ruler,
or monarch, bears the title of Queen (as at present) or King. While English
monarchs once ruled with absolute power, their role has dwindled and they are
now little more then figure-heads. Because her powers and duties are controlled
by Britain’s unwritten constitution, Elizabeth II (Britain’s Queen since 1952) is
known as a constitutional monarch.
In formal terms, all acts of the British government are performed in the
name of the Queen. However, the real power of government is exercised by the
Prime Minister and other high officials. The Queen does appoint the Prime
Minister, but her choice is subject to the approval of the House of Commons.
So, traditionally she chooses the leader of the majority party in that house to be
Prime Minister. She has no power to dismiss the Prime Minister and no veto
power acts of Parliament.
Today’s British monarch reigns but does not rule. Nonetheless, the
institution of monarchy serves an important function. The Queen stands as a
living symbol of the British state, as a focus of loyalty and pride. Periodic
proposals to do away with the monarchy inevitably bring an outpouring of
support for “our dear Queen.”
Parliament
Parliament – and in particular the House of Commons – is the central
institution of British government. It holds both the legislative and the executive
powers of the nation – powers that in the United States are divided between
separate and independent branches of government. By its legislative power,
Parliament passes Britain’s laws. By its executive power, it chooses some of its
members (the Prime Minister and the Cabinet) to administer the departments of
government and run the nation’s affairs. In the British system, as in all
parliamentary systems, government is built on the fusion of powers. The
government’s legislative and executive authority is fused (combined) in
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