Английский язык. Юлаева С.С. - 42 стр.

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Parliament and the Prime Minister and Cabinet. (The judicial power lies partly
in Parliament and partly in the courts.)
Parliament is bicameral, composed of two houses: the House of Lords and
the House of Commons. Of the two, the House of Commons is, by far, the more
powerful body.
The Prime Minister and Cabinet head the executive arm of British
government. They from what, in the British and other parliament systems, is
regularly called “the government” – what, in the United States, we often refer to
as “the administration.”
The Prime Minister
The Prime minister, although formally appointed by the Queen, is in fact
responsible to the House of Commons. When a single party holds a majority in
the Commons, as usually happens, that party’s leader becomes Prime Minister.
If no single party holds a majority, a coalition must be formed. In this sense, a
coalition is a temporary alliance of parties for the purpose of forming a
government. Two or more parties must agree on a common choice for Prime
Minister and on a joint slate of cabinet members.
The Cabinet
The Prime Minister selects the members of the Cabinet. Most Cabinet
members, or ministers, are members of the House of Commons. A few may sit
in the House of Lords.
Collectively, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet provide political
leadership, both in the making and the carrying out of public policy.
Individually, Cabinet ministers head the various executive departments. All told
there are about 20 ministers, each with his or her own “portfolio” (department
and functions). The size of the Cabinet varies from time to time, depending on
the wishes of the Prime Minister.
The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are accountable to the House of
Commons. An almost daily feature of parliamentary sessions is “question hour,”
when the Cabinet ministers appear in the Commons to answer questions about
their area of responsibility. Any MP may ask a question about any relevant
subject.
Major opposition parties appoint their own teams of potential Cabinet
members. Each of these opposition MPs “shadows” (watches) one particular
member of the Cabinet. If an opposition party should gain majority, its so-called
shadow cabinet would be ready to run the government.
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