Английский язык. Юлаева С.С. - 47 стр.

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XIV. Discuss the following points.

1. The role of monarchy in British Government.

2. The fusion of powers as a distinquishing feature of the British

government system.

3. The interrelation of legislative and executive branches of British

Government.

4. The role of tradition in British Government.

Unit III

The Important Document of History

I. Write your translation of the following text. Consult the notes given

below.

Exploring Historic Documents

The history of many of the basic rights held by the people of the United States

can be traced to several landmark documents from England

. Together, these

documents laid the foundations for such concepts as limited government,

representative government, popular sovereignty, and civil liberties.

Magna Carta (1215): A group of determined barons forced King John to

sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter) at Runnymede in 1215. Weary of John’s

military campaigns and heavy taxes, the barons were seeking protection against

arbitrary acts by the king.

The Magna Carta included such fundamental rights as trial by jury and due

process of law (protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty, or

property). The charter proclaimed:

No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, dispossessed, outlawed, banished,

or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against or prosecute him, except

by the judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.

These protections against the absolute power of the king were originally

intended only for the privileged classes. Over time, they became the rights of all

English people and were incorporated into other documents. The Magna Carta is

important for the precedent it established – the power of the monarchy was not

absolute.