Английский язык. Юлаева С.С. - 48 стр.

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Petition of Right
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(1628): The Magna Carta was respected by some
monarchs and ignored by others for 400 years. During this time, Parliament
slowly grew in influence. In 1628, when Charles I asked Parliament for more
money in taxes, Parlament refused until he signed the Petition of Right.
The Petition of Right limited the king’s power by demanding that the king
not imprison political critics without trial by jury, declare martial law during
peacetime, or require people to shelter troops without the homeowner’s consent.
The Petition challenged the idea of the divine right of kings, declaring that
even a monarch must obey the law of the land.
Bill of Rights (1689): In 1688, after years of revolt and turmoil, Parliament
offered the crown to William and Mary of Orange
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. To prevent abuse of power
by them, and by future monarchs, Parliament in 1689 drew up the Bill of Rights
to which William and Mary had to agree.
The Bill of Rights prohibited a standing army in peacetime, except with the
consent of Parliament, and required that all parliamentary elections be free.
Notes:
1. The history of many of the basic rights… - История многих жизненно
важных прав…как можно проследить, восходит к нескольким
основополагающим документам, созданным в Англии.
2. Such concepts as limited government… popular sovereignty – такие
понятия как ограниченная власть… верховенство народа.
3. No freeman shall be taken… - ни один свободный человек не будет
арестован, заключен в тюрьму, лишен имущества, поставлен вне
закона, изгнан из страны или убит каким либо способом; не будем
мы также передавать его суду или преследовать иначе как по
закону государства или приговору пэров.
4. Petition of Right – петиция о праве.
5. William and Mary of Orange – Вильгельм Оранский и Мария.
II. Translate the following passage without a dictionary. Make use of the
following words.
1. rebellious – мятежный, взбунтовавшийся;
2. to store – хранить (на складе);
3. to bar the way – преградить путь;
4. to fire a shot – произвести выстрел;
5. to set up an army – создать армию;
6. to seek aid – зд. искать поддержки;
7. inevitable – неизбежный.
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