ВУЗ:
Составители:
Рубрика:
scribed the pathology of lead poisoning and also recognized the hazardous
exposures of copper miners to acid fumes.
In 1556, the German scholar, Agricola, advanced the science of indus-
trial hygiene even further when, in his book De Re Metallica, he described
the diseases of miners and prescribed preventive measures. The book in-
cluded suggestions for mine ventilation and worker protection, discussed
mining accidents, and described diseases associated with mining occupations
such as silicosis.
Industrial hygiene gained further respectability in 1700 when Bernardo
Ramazzini, known as the father of industrial medicine, published in Italy the
first comprehensive book on industrial medicine, De Morbis Artificum Dia-
triba (The Diseases of Workmen). The book contained accurate descriptions
of the occupational diseases of most of the workers of his time. Ramazzini
greatly affected the future of industrial hygiene because he asserted that oc-
cupational diseases should be studied in the work environment rather than in
hospital wards.
In England in the 18th century, Percival Pott and his findings on the in-
sidious effects of soot on chimney sweepers forced the British Parliament to
pass the Chimney-Sweepers Act of 1788. The passage of the English Factory
Acts beginning in 1833 marked the first effective legislative acts in the field
of industrial safety. The Acts, however, were intended to provide compensa-
tion for accidents rather than to control their causes. Later, various other Eu-
ropean nations developed workers' compensation acts, which stimulated the
adoption of increased factory safety precautions and the establishment of
medical services within industrial plants.
In the early 20th century in the U.S., Dr. Alice Hamilton led efforts to
improve industrial hygiene. She observed industrial conditions first hand and
startled mine owners, factory managers, and state officials with evidence that
there was a correlation between worker illness and exposure to toxins. She
also presented definitive proposals for eliminating unhealthful working
conditions. And in 1913, the New York Department of Labor and the Ohio
Department of Health established the first state industrial hygiene programs.
Today, nearly every employer is required to implement the elements of
an industrial hygiene and safety, occupational health, or hazard communi-
cation program and to be responsive to the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) and its regulations.
4. Complete the summary to the article with proper words. (Consult
Appendix 4). Write a similar summary in Russian.
Страницы
- « первая
- ‹ предыдущая
- …
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- …
- следующая ›
- последняя »
