Английский для специалистов по защите окружающей среды и безопасности жизнедеятельности. Ульянова О.В. - 89 стр.

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Figure 5 Phases in emergency management

Mitigation

Mitigation efforts are attempts to prevent hazards from developing into

disasters altogether or to reduce the effects of disasters. The mitigation phase

differs from the other phases in that it focuses on long-term measures for re-

ducing or eliminating risk. Mitigation measures can be structural or non-

structural. Structural measures use technological solutions like flood dams.

Non-structural measures include legislation, land-use planning (e.g. the des-

ignation of nonessential land like parks to be used as flood zones), and insur-

ance. Mitigation is the most cost-efficient method for reducing the effect of

hazards although not always the most suitable. Mitigation includes providing

regulations regarding evacuation, sanctions against those who refuse to obey

the regulations, and communication of risks to the public.

Preparedness

Preparedness is a continuous cycle of planning, managing, organizing,

training, equipping, exercising, creating, monitoring, evaluating and improv-

ing activities to improve capabilities of organizations to prevent, protect

against, respond to, recover from natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and oth-

er man-made disasters.

Common preparedness measures include:

• communication plans with easily understandable terminology and me-

thods;

• proper maintenance and training of emergency services, including

mass human resources such as community emergency response teams;

• development and Activity of emergency population warning methods

combined with emergency shelters and evacuation plans;