General English. Ульянова О.В - 152 стр.

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152
LABOUR IN BRITAIN
Businesses in Britain are often owned by people, not by the
government. This is called free enterprise. Most Britons respect the idea
of competition in business and many of them believe that the free-
enterprise system encourages equal opportunities.
The British government provides welfare through subsidies,
grants and services for the population. This is called social wage; it
amounts to 1316 pounds per year for each adult of the working
population. Some years ago Governmental arrangements were made in
order to shorten unemployment. A nationwide organization helping
people to find jobs was set up. It is the Manpower Services
Commission. The Commission runs two agencies: the Employment
Services Agency and The Training Services Agency. The first offers a
suitable job to an unemployed person, the second trains him/her in new
skills if necessary.
Robert Smith is 46 years old. He and his wife have to work in order
to afford the house and a college education for their two children. Robert
has worked at a factory for 30 years. One day he had been replaced by
technology. What can he do to find a new job?
He can go to a job center, an employment office or to a private
agency. Robert can also read advertisements in special journals and find
information in any possible way.
At the Local Job Center Robert is registered as an unemployed
and then he is given an unemployment benefit which is sent to him by
mail every week. If his benefit is not enough to live on, Robert can get
some extra help from the Social Security Office. One day the Job Center
informs Robert about a possible vacancy. First he has to go for an
interview with his prospective employer. If terms are acceptable for the
both the labour contract is signed.
Working people are protected by Britain Trade Unions that
concern for work conditions and correct wages. Employers have the
Chamber of Commerce that protects their business interests.
There are about 9 million full-time industrial workers in the United
Kingdom, but their amount declines steadily. More and more Britons
decide to work for themselves as businessmen, independent craftsmen
and farmers.
Слова для запоминания
Free enterprise – свободное предпринимательство; competition
– конкуренция; to encourage – поддерживать, поощрять,
способствовать; equal opportunities – равные возможности; welfare

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