Английский для бакалавров. Валиулина Т.Н - 245 стр.

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244
Must
have to
be to
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Must
have / has to ...
am / is / are to ...
-
had to ...
was / were to ...
-
will have to ...
-
Долг, обязательство
Приказ, настоятельный
совет:
должен
Запрещение:
нельзя, запрещено
• We must study hard.
• I must buy some bread.
• You must go there at once.
• You must see the doctor immediately.
• You mustn’t smoke here.
Оттенки значения эквивалентов глагола must:
1. have to - вынужден, придется (в связи с обстоятельствами).
Ann’s eyes are not very good. She has to wear glasses for reading.
Jane was feeling ill last night so she had to leave the party early.
be to - долженствование, связанное с планом, договоренностью.
He is to meet us at the station at 5.
This is Dora. She is to share your room.
2. Для образования вопросительной и отрицательной формы эквивалента have to
используются вспомогательные глаголы do / does / did.
Why did you have to go to hospital ?
Do you have to get up early on weekends ?
Tom doesn’t have to work on Sundays.
3. Mustn’t и don’t have to имеют разные значения
:
не должен (просьба, приказ)
You mustn’t tell anyone what I said.
не нужно (отсутствие необходимости)
She stayed in bed this morning because she didn’t have to go to work.
May

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