Социология. Верецкая А.И. - 47 стр.

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Социология

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡ-

ɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɨɥɹɦɢ.

Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ: ɷɤɨɧɨ-

ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ, ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɬ. ɞ., ɤɨ-

ɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɭɸɬ ɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱦɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɹɜ-

ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɚɹ ɟɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ

ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɲɥɵɯ ɢ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ. Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞ-

ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚ-

ɧɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢ-

ɬɭɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟ-

ɦɟɧɧɨɟ, ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɟ, ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɨɟ, ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɟ, ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɫɨ-

ɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɞɪ.

Ɉɛɳɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɨ-

ɠɢɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ, ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɥɚ-

ɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɞɚɸɬ ɟɣ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱ-

ɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦ

«ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ». ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ, ɪɚɡɧɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɳ-

ɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ,

ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ – ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɮɭɧɤ-

ɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.

Ɉɛɳɟɧɢɟ – ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ

ɤɚɤ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ.

Ɉɩɨɫɪɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɢ-

ɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɳɟɧɢɟ – ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɫɨ-

ɫɬɚɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɵɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ – ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ

ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɜɵɪɚ-

ɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹɯ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.

Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨ-

ɫɬɶɸ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ,

ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ

ɢɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ,

ɩɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɟ-

ɧɢɹ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɟɝɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ

ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ, ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ

ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ – ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟ-

ɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ: 1) ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɩɪɟɞ-

ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-

ɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ (ɩɪɟɞ-

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Социология. Верецкая А.И. - 47 стр.

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