Социология. Верецкая А.И. - 49 стр.

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Социология

ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɸ-

ɞɟɣ.

ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ (ɨɬ ɥɚɬ. progressus – ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ, ɭɫɩɟɯ) – ɬɢɩ, ɧɚ-

ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɧɢɡɲɟɝɨ ɤ ɜɵɫ-

ɲɟɦɭ, ɨɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɦɭ. ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ

ɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ. ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ

ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɚ-

ɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ

ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɞɭ-

ɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ, ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ – ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨ-

ɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨ-

ɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ

ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ. ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɜɨɟ-

ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ – ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ

ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ

ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ – ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɛɟɡɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɞɪɭ-

ɝɨɟ. ɗɬɨ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬ-

ɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɭɬ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟ-

ɞɭɬ ɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɭ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ

ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ: ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ-

ɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɷɥɢɬɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ

. ɩ.

ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ – ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨ-

ɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ-

ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧ-

ɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ. ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ

ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ,

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼɢɞɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ: ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ,

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ-

ɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ, ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ.

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɤɨɥɢ-

ɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ, ɫɨɰɢ-

ɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨ-

ɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ (ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɫɨ-

ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ) ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ (ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ)

ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ (ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ).

Ɋɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ (ɨɬ ɥɚɬ. revolutio – ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɨɬ) – ɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɧɚ-

ɫɢɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹ, ɡɚɬɪɚ-

ɝɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɋɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɧɵ

ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ-

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Социология. Верецкая А.И. - 49 стр.

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