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Ihe h`_ gb_ ^ebggh\hegh\hc ]jZgbpu h[mkeh\e_gh l_f qlh nhlhgu k λ > 500 gf g_
ih]ehsZxlkydjbklZeeZfbAgBr.
Kms_kl\h\Zgb_ dhjhldh\hegh\hc ]jZgbpu\ h[eZklb gf k\yaZgh kh
agZqbl_evguf ih]ehs_gb_f baemq_gby k ^ebghc \hegu λ < 200 gf keh_f `_eZlbgu
b]jZxsbf jhev k\_lhnbevljZ ohly kZfb djbklZeeu AgBr kihkh[gu ih]ehsZlv
baemq_gb_^hλ ≈ 1-2 Å. >eyjZkrbj_gbyh[eZklbki_dljZevghcqm\kl\bl_evghklbdZd\
klhjhgmdhjhldboλ < 200 gflZdb\klhjhgm^ebgguoλ > 500 gf\hegihevamxlky
jZaebqgufbf_lh^Zfb
>ey h[eZklb λ < 200 gf ijbf_gyxl ki_pbZevgu_ lZd gZau\Z_fu_ rmfZgh\kdb_
wfmevkbb \ dhlhjuoj_adh mf_gvr_gh dhebq_kl\h `_eZlbguqlh iha\hey_l jZ[hlZlv\
h[eZklb \Zdmmfgh]h MN b fy]dh]h j_gl]_gZλ ≈ 1-2 Å). >ey mdZaZgguo h[eZkl_c
ijbf_gyxlwfmevkbx\dhlhjuo\f_klhk\yau\Zxs_c`_eZlbgubkihevamxl\_s_kl\Z
h[eZ^Zxsb_ f_gvrbf ih]ehs_gb_f \ h[eZklb λ = 200 gf q_f `_eZlbgZ – gZijbf_j
iheb\bgbeh\uckibjl
JZkrbj_gb_ h[eZklb ki_dljZevghc qm\kl\bl_evghklb \ klhjhgm ^ebg \hegλ > 500
gf^hklb]Z_lkyiml_fbkihevah\ZgbyjZaebqgh]h jh^Zk_gkb[bebaZlhjh\–ki_pbZevguo
hj]Zgbq_kdbo djZkbl_e_c Fhe_dmeu k_gkb[bebaZlhjZ ih]ehsZxl baemq_gb_ \ lhc
h[eZklb ki_dljZ \ dhlhjhc g_ ih]ehsZxl djbklZeeu AgBr b i_j_^Zxl ih]ehs_ggmx
wg_j]bxdjbklZeeZfkh[jZah\Zgb_fkdjulh]hbah[jZ`_gby
Ko_fZlbq_kdb^_ckl\b_k_gkb[bebaZlhjZfh`ghij_^klZ\blvke_^mxsbfh[jZahf
AgBr + M
c
+ hν → AgBr + M
c
*
→ Ag + Br + M
c
,
]^_ M
c
– fhe_dmeZ k_gkb[bebaZlhjZ M
c
*
– \ha[m`^_ggZy fhe_dmeZ k_gkb[bebaZlhjZ
ihke_ih]ehs_gbynhlhgZ
< gZklhys__ \j_fy rbjhdh bkihevamxlky jZaebqgu_ lbiu k_gkb[bebabjh\Zgguo
nhlhwfmevkbc
NHLH=J:NBQ?KD:YNHLHF?LJBY
>eylh]hqlh[uijhba\_klbbaf_j_gb_hlghkbl_evguobgl_gkb\ghkl_cki_dljZevguo
ebgbc g_h[oh^bfh ijbf_gblv f_lh^ nhlh]jZnbq_kdhc nhlhf_ljbb Nhlh]jZnbq_kdZy
nhlhf_ljb ygZoh^bl\gZklhys__\j_fyrbjhdh_ijbf_g_gb_\ijZdlbd_ki_dljZevguo
baf_j_gbc K ihfhsvx wlh]h f_lh^Z hij_^_eyxl hlghkbl_evgu_ bgl_gkb\ghklb \
mevljZnbhe_lh\hc b \b^bfhc h[eZklyo ki_dljZ F_lh^ nhlh]jZnbq_kdh]h
nhlhf_ljbjh\Zgby h[eZ^Z_l ke_^mxsbfb \Z`gufb ij_bfms_kl\Zfb hg ^Z_l
bgl_]jZevguc j_amevlZlkmffbjm_l k\_lh\h_ ^_ckl\b_ \h \j_f_gb b \hafh`ghklv
h^gh\j_f_gghj_]bkljbjh\ZlvgZieZklbgdm[hevrh_dh eb q_kl\hki_dljZevguoebgbc
< wlhf f_lh^_ g_h[oh^bfh mqblu\Zlv baf_g_gb_ k_gkblhf_ljbq_kdbo k\hckl\
nhlhwfmevkbb\aZ\bkbfhklb hl^ebgu\heguJZaebqZxl^\Zkihkh[Znhlh]jZnbq_kdh]h
nhlhf_ljbjh\Zgby
1) _keb \ ij_^_eZo nhlhf_ljbjm_fh]h mqZkldZ ki_dljZ k\hckl\Z ieZklbgdb g_
f_gyxlkylhnhlhf_ljbjh\Zgb_ghkblgZa\Zgb_fhghojhfgh]hnhlhf_ljbjh\Zgby;
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