Атомная физика. Волошина Т.В - 32 стр.

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q_j_a klmi_gqZluc hkeZ[bl_ev k jZaebqgufb wdkihabpbyfb hl^h k_d Bgl_j\Zeu
baf_g_gbywdkihabpbbjZaebqgu\aZ\bkbfhklbhlqm\kl\bl_evghklbieZklbghdS_evl =
0,04 ff =_g_jZlhj B<K- j_`bf ^m]h\hc kbeZ lhdZ–4 ZhkeZ[bl_ev b iZkihjl
\u^Z_lkyij_ih^Z\Zl_e_f
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s_ebl = 0,02 ffwdkihabpby–20 k_dIjbjZ[hl_khki_dljh]jZnhfBKI -bebBKI-
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^_e_gbc JZkklhygb_ f_`^m ki_dljhf kgyluf q_j_a ^bZnjZ]fm b ki_dljhf kgyluf
q_j_ahkeZ[bl_ev^he`ghkhklZ\eylv^_e_gbcrdZeudZkk_lu
GZihemq_gghcki_dljh]jZff_\u[jZlvh^gmbaebgbc\ki_dlj_`_e_aZ\h[eZklb
2500–3000 Å) ^ey dhlhjhc b ihkljhblv oZjZdl_jbklbq_kdmx djb\mx agZy eh]Zjbnfu
ijhimkdZ_fhklb dZ`^hc klmi_gvdb hkeZ[bl_eyba iZkihjlZ b baf_jb\ ihq_jg_gb_ S
dZ`^hc ba klmi_g_d ebg_cdb gZ FN- Ijb ihkljh_gbb oZjZdl_jbklbq_kdhc djb\hc
fZkrlZ[ ih hkyf ^he`_g [ulv h^bgZdh\ Ebgbx j_dhf_g^m_lky \u[jZlv lZdhc
bgl_gkb\ghklbqlh[u[ueZ_s_aZf_lgZgZb[he__keZ[Zyklmi_gvdZ>ebgm\heguebgbb
hij_^_eblv bkihevamyki_dlj `_e_aZ knhlh]jZnbjh\ZggucgZ lh c`_ ieZklbgd_q_j_a
^bZnjZ]fm Ih djb\hc ihq_jg_gby hij_^_eblv γ nhlhieZklbgdb ^ey ^Zgghc ^ebgu
\hegu
AZ^Zgb_Bkke_^h\ZlvaZ\bkbfhklvγhl\j_f_gbijhy\e_gby
 Knhlh]jZnbjh\Zlvki_dlj`_e_aZ q_j_aklmi_gqZluchkeZ[bl_evgZ–6
ieZklbgdZoieZklbgdb h^bgZdh\hc qm\kl\bl_evghklb  h^bg ghf_j wfmevkbb <j_fy
wdkihabpbb–30 k_ds_evffgZdZ`^hcieZklbgd_nhlh]jZnbjh\Zlvg_kdhevdh
ki_dljh\kjZ aebqgufbwdkihabpbyfbA^_kv`_knhlh]jZnbjh\Zlvki_dlj`_e_aZq_j_a
^bZnjZ]fm
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<j_fyijhy\e_gbyfbg.
 >ey h^ghc-^\mo ebgbc ihkljhblv oZjZdl_jbklbq_kdb_ djb\u_ ^ey ieZklbghd
h[jZ[hlZgguo ijb jZaghf \j_f_gb ijhy\e_gby GZclb ^ey dZ`^hc ieZklbgdb γ b
ihkljhblvaZ\bkbfhklvγ / t
).
AZ^Zgb_Bkke_^h\ZlvaZ\bkbfhklvγhl^ebgu\hegu
 Q_j_aklmi_gqZluchkeZ[bl_ev knhlh]jZnbjh\Zlv ^\Z-ljb ki_dljZ `_e_aZ ijb
mkeh\bb l = 0,04 ff Bklhqgbd – ^m]Z ijb I = 3–4 Z \j_fy wdkihabpbb–20 k_d.
IeZklbgdb jZaf_jhf×12 kf H[yaZl_evgh knhlh]jZnbjh\Zlv b ki_dlj `_e_aZ q_j _a
^bZnjZ]fml = 0,02 ff.
 JZkkfhlj_lv ki_dljh]jZffu gZ >KI- \u[jZlv jy^ ebgbc–12),
jZkiheh`_gguo \ bgl_j\Ze_ ki_dljZ –5000 Å, ijbf_jgh q_j_a –300 Å. Lhqgh

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