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14
τ=Λ ε
. (3.4)
Λ=
—
λµ — .
=τ ν
τ=λε +µε
, (3.5)
—
.
14 < h[s_f \b^_ aZ\bkbfhklv gZijy`_gbc hl ^_nhjfZpbc \ujZ`Z_lky aZdhghf =mdZ τLM = Λ LMNO ε NO . (3.4) >ey bahljhighc kj_^u ΛLMNO = FLMNO — kbff_ljbqguc l_gahj mijm]bo dhgklZgl >ey h^ghjh^ghc b bahljhighc kj_^u agZqbfufb y\eyxlky lhev dh mijm]bo fh^mey λ µ — dhwnnbpb_glu EZf_. GZ ih\_joghklb jZaju\Z \_dlhj gZijy`_gbc 7L = τLM ν M Z l_gahj τLM = λε NN + µεLM , (3.5) ]^_ i_j\uc qe_g hibku\Z_l ^beZlZpbhggh_ baf_g_gb_ h[t_fZ Z \lhjhc — qbkluc k^\b] Wg_j]by a_fe_ljyk_gby hij_^_ey_l khklhygb_ kj_^u ^h a_fe_ljyk_ gby b ihke_ g_]h gh g_ ijhp_kk \kiZju\Zgby HgZ g_ k\yaZgZ g_ihkj_^kl \_ggh k l_dlhgbq_kdbfb kbeZfb \ j_]bhg_ g_ hij_^_ey_l ^bgZfbdm \kiZ ju\Zgby b ihl_jb wg_j]bb gZ l_ieh \ hqZ]h\hc ahg_ E_dpby H;J:LG:Y A:>:Q: L?HJBB HQ:=: Bklhqgbdhf bgnhjfZpbb h ijhp_kkZo \ hqZ]Zo a_fe_ljyk_gbc y\ey xlky baemqZ_fu_ bf k_ckfbq_kdb_ \hegu Qlh[u \hkihevah\Zlvky wlhc bgnhjfZpb_c g_h[oh^bfh mklZgh\blv dZdbf h[jZahf oZjZdl_jbklbdb k_ckfbq_kdh]h baemq_gby k\yaZgu k iZjZf_ljZfb hqZ]Z Wlh y\ey_lky ij_^f_lhf h[jZlghc aZ^Zqb IjyfZy aZ^ZqZ gZijhlb\ ih ijhp_kkZf \ hqZ ]_ hij_^_ey_l k_ckfbq_kdh_ baemq_gb_ J_r_gb_ h[jZlghc aZ^Zqb g_dhjj_dlgh Nhjfmebjh\dZ __ kljhblky gZ hkgh\_ f_oZgbdb jZajmr_gbc dhlhjZy iha\hey_l \uykgblv nbabq_kdbc kfuke g_dhlhjuo ijhp_kkh\ \ hqZ]_ b k^_eZlv \u\h^u h _]h oZjZdl_jguo hkh[_gghklyo H^gZdh ^bgZfbq_kdZy aZ^ZqZ l_hjbb hqZ]Z \ h[s_f \b ^_ g_ jZaj_rbfZ. Dbg_fZlbq_kdh_ hibkZgb_ jZaju\Z ih^jZamf_\Z_l aZ^Zgb_ \_dlhjZ kdZqdZ kf_s_gbc gZ jZaju\_ dZd nmgdpbb dhhj^bgZl b \j_f_gb Wlh ih a\hey_l ihkljhblv h[s__ j_r_gb_ ijyfhc aZ^Zqb lh _klv aZ^Zqb h[ baem
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