Механика очага землятресения. Спецкурс. Воронина Е.В. - 18 стр.

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МГУ | Москва

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16
–
()
1
,,
,,
0.
+−
+−
−=
τν−τν=
(4.4
()
σν=
0
ν≥
()
,,
,
,,,
σ=σν−νσνν=
∂

=ζ σ ν ν

∂
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ζ — T—
σ=σ νν≤
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,,
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τ =τν−ντνν
stress
drop
–
16

     [ gZ ih\_joghklb jZaju\Z kf_s_gby b gZijy`_gby – g_ij_ju\gu
                                XL + − XL − = X1 ( [ , W ),
                                                &

                                                                                 (4.4 [
                                    +               −
                                τL , M ν M − τL , M ν M = 0 .
      LZdh_ hibkZgb_ jZaju\Z gZau\Z_lky dbg_fZlbq_kdbf Hgh bf__l
ke_^mxsb_ ij_bfms_kl\Z
      G_ kms_kl\m_l aZ\bkbfhklv hl \j_f_gb
      J_r_gb_ ^ey g_kdhevdbo jZaju\h\ y\ey_lky kmi_jihabpb_c j_r_gbc
^ey dZ`^h]h ba gbo
      G_^hklZldhf dbg_fZlbq_kdh]h          hibkZgby y\ey_lky lh qlh \_dlhj
kf_s_gby gZ jZaju\_ XL ( [ W ) g_ fh`_l [ulv aZ^Zg Zijbhjb bgZfbq_kdb_ ]jZgbqgu_ mkeh\by fh]ml [ulv \ujZ`_gu \ kf_s_
gbyo b \ gZijy`_gbyo gZ ]jZgbp_ jZaju\Z
      Z ^ey gZijy`_gbc ghjfZevguo d ih\_joghklb jZaju\Z
            σL M ν M =   ijb XL νL ≥ 0 ^ey hldjulhc lj_sbgu
              
                                                                        


          σL (W ) = σL , M ν M − ν L σ M , N ν M ν N =
                ∂X                                     ^ey aZdjulhc lj_sbgu       Z
          = ζL  L , σ M ,N ν M ν N , 7 , [ 
                ∂W                         
a^_kv ζL — dhfihg_glu gZijy`_gby lj_gby T— l_fi_jZlmjZ Ijb wlhf
ghjfZevgh_ gZijy`_gb_ σQ = σL N νL νN ≤ 


      [ ^ey dZkZl_evguo d ih\_joghklb jZaju\Z beb lZg]_gpbZevguo gZ
ijy`_gbc \ kemqZ_ aZdjulhc lj_sbgu bf__f
                      τ L (W ) = τ L , N ν N − ν L τ L , N ν M ν N . [

      WlZ \_ebqbgZ gZau\Z_lky kgbfZ_fuf gZijy`_gb_f beb stress
drop <_ebqbgZ gZijy`_gbc k[jZku\Z_fuo g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh gZ jZaju\_
g_ aZ\bkbl hl gZijy`_gbc \h \g_rg_f ih hlghr_gbx d wlhc iehsZ^d_
ihe_
      MjZ\g_gby  –  khklZ\eyxl ihklZgh\dm aZ^Zqb hij_^_eyxs_c
kf_s_gb_ dZd gZ jZaju\_ lZd b \ ex[hc ^jm]hc lhqd_ ijhkljZgkl\Z \ ex
[hc fhf_gl \j_f_gb >ey hibkZgby ijhp_kkZ jZkijhkljZg_gby jZaju\Z g_
h[oh^bfh h[jZlblvky d f_oZgbd_ jZajmr_gby
      =eZ\gZy p_ev l_hjbb hqZ]Z \ujZablv kf_s_gby \ ijhba\hevghc lhqd_
ijhkljZgkl\Z b \ ex[hc fhf_gl \j_f_gb q_j_a h[t_fgu_ kbeu \uau\Zx
sb_ wlh kf_s_gb_ b kf_s_gby b gZijy`_gby gZ jZaju\_ >ey wlh]h bk
ihevamxlky l_hj_fZ _^bgkl\_gghklb b l_hj_fZ ij_^klZ\e_gby

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