Основы физики и химии полупроводников - 33 стр.

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ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ (3.6) ɢ (3.7) ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ (3.8)
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɞɜɨɢɬɶ:
dpp
h
V
dppg
2
3
8
)(
S
; (3.9)
dEEm
h
V
dEEg
23
3
)2(
4
)(
S
; (3.10)
Em
h
V
Eg
23
3
)2(
4
)(
S
. (3.11)
3.3. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ Ɏɟɪɦɢ. ȼɵɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ɏɟɪɦɢɷɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ 0 Ʉ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ
E < E
ɮ
ɡɚɧɹɬɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ, ɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ E > E
ɮ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵ. ɂɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ,
ɩɪɢ Ɍ = 0 Ʉ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɫ E < E
ɮ
ɪɚɜɧɚ 1, ɚ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ E > E
ɮ
ɪɚɜɧɚ 0 (ɪɢɫ. 22).
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ Ɏɟɪɦɢ
ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ g(E)·dE (3.7). Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ N ɪɚɜɧɨ ɭɞɜɨɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ (ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ) ɜɧɟɦ:
Ɋɢɫ. 22. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɎɟɪɦɢȾɢɪɚɤɚ ɩɪɢ 0 Ʉ
³
ɮ
ȿ
dEEgN
0
)(2
. (3.12)
ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɜ ɫɸɞɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (3.7), ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
2
3
3
2
3
0
2
1
3
2
3
)(
3
*)2(8*)2(4
ɮ
ȿ
ȿ
h
mV
dEE
h
mV
N
ɮ
SS
³
. (3.13)
ɂɡ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (3.13) ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɜ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ ɢɦɟɟɦ
2
3
3
2
3
)(
3
*)2(8
ɮ
ȿ
h
m
V
N
n
S
. (3.14)
ɂ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɞɥɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ Ɏɟɪɦɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ
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