Методические указания по изучению английского языка на 3 курсе заочного факультета. Якушева И.В - 16 стр.

   V. Переведите письменно 2, 3, 4 абзацы текста.

   Text 3
                                        A monopoly
    Although in a perfect market competition is restricted, and sellers are numer-
ous, free competition and large numbers of sellers are not always available in the
real world. In some markets there may only be one seller or a very limited num-
ber of sellers. Such a situation is called a "monopoly", and may arise from a vari-
ety of different causes. It is possible to distinguish in practice four kinds of mo-
nopoly.
    State planning and central control of the economy often mean that a state gov-
ernment has the monopoly of important goods and services. Some countries have
state monopolies in basic commodities like steel and transport, while other coun-
tries have monopolies in such comparatively unimportant commodities as
matches. Most national authorities monopolize the postal services within their
borders.
    A different kind of monopoly arises when a country, through geographical
and geological circumstances, has control over major natural resources or impor-
tant services, as for example with Canadian nickel and the Egyptian ownership of
the Suez Canal. Such monopolies can be called natural monopolies.
    They are very different from legal monopolies where the law of a country
permits certain producers, authors and inventors a full monopoly over the sale of
their own products.
    These three types of monopoly are distinct from the sale trading opportunities
which take place because certain companies have obtained complete control over
particular commodities. This action is often called "cornering the market" and is
illegal in many countries. In the USA anti-trust operate to restrict such activities,
while in Britain the Monopolies Commison examines all special arrangements
and mergers which might lead to undesirable monopolies.

   to corner the market - овладеть рынком, скупая товары

   Урок 4
   Упр. 1. Переведите на русский язык следующие пары слов, обращая
внимание на суффиксы существительных:
   to buy - buyer, to sell - seller, to consume - consumer,


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