Методические указания по изучению английского языка на 1 курсе заочного факультета. Якушева И.В - 54 стр.

demonstrator - demonstrative - demonstration ; economy - economic -
economical - economist ; to found - founder - foundation.

    Упражнение 4. Прочтите текст , выпишите в словари все незнакомые
слова с транскрипцией и переводом , переведите тексте устно.

                                     TEXT
                                   LODYGIN

       The creation of the first incandescent lamp is closely connected with the
name of the well-known Russian scientist and inventor, Alexander
Nicolayevitch Lodygin.
       Lodygin created the first incandescent lamp and laid the foundation for the
production of the present-day incandescent lamps that are more economical than
those with carbon electrodes. He was also the first inventor who discovered the
advantages of the metal wire filaments in comparison with other ones.
       Lodygin’s great achievement paved the way for further successful work of
a number of other Russian electrical engineers.
       In 1872 Lodygin constructed a number of incandescent lamps, these first
lamps consisted of a glass bulb with a carbon rod serving as a filament.
       In 1873 he produced an improved lamp having two carbon electrodes
instead of one and a longer life. That very year Lodygin demonstrated his
invention in several Petersburg streets, lighting them by means of his electric
lamps. It was the first practical application of the incandescent lamp for lighting
purposes. Lots of people went out into the streets to see electric lights for the
first time in their life and for the first time in the world.
       Lodygin was never satisfied with his achievements and continued to perfect
his invention. Indeed, a more perfect lamp designed by him appeared in 1875.
The interest in Lodygin’s lamp greatly increased. However, under very hard
economic conditions existing in tsarist Russia he got neither help nor the
necessary support to realize his plans. He himself was practically without
money, because he spent all he had on his numerous experiments.
       Lodygin’s study of metal filaments having a high melting point is a work of
world importance. He introduced tungsten filaments in a vacuum. He received a
patent for his invention in America. The electric lamps that light your rooms
every evening have tungsten filaments.
       Lodygin died on the 16-th if March, 1923, at the age of 76.

     Упражнение 5. Выпишите русские эквиваленты следующих
выражений из текста:
incandescent lamp -