Химический анализ почв. Валовой анализ органической и минеральной частей почвы. Йонко О.А. - 11 стр.

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ɋɩɭɫɬɹ 30 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɥɛɵ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɫ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɟɟ ɩɨ ɞɧɭ. ȼɫɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɥɟɫɧɭɬɶ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɢɪɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ NaOH.
Ʉɨɥɛɭ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɩɨɤɨɟ ɧɚ 4–5 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɨɱɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ CO
2
, ɜɵɞɟɥɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɤɨɥɛɭ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ, ɜɵɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɢɪɤɭ, ɨɩɨɥɚɫɤɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɟ ɫ
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɲɚɸɬ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ. ȼ ɩɪɨɛɢɪɤɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ 2 ɤɚɩɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
ɮɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧɚ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1 ɦɥ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ BaCI
2
. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɤ
NaOH ɬɢɬɪɭɸɬ 0,2 ɦ HCI ɞɨ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ
2
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ
ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ:
1
2
( ) 0,022 100
%,
W
VV M
ɋɈ
mK
uu u
u
ɝɞɟ V – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɩɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ NaOH ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɩɵɬɟ, ɦɥ;
V
1
– ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɩɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ NaOH ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ
ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɦɥ;
M – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ HCI, ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɦɥ;
m – ɦɚɫɫɚ ɧɚɜɟɫɤɢ, ɝ;
0,022 – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ (1/2 ɋɈ
2
) ɝ/ɦɦɨɥɶ;
K
W
– ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɱɜɭ
(K
W
<1).
Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ. 1. 2 Ɇ HCI – 16,4 ɦɥ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ HCI (ɩɥ. 1,19)
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ 100 ɦɥ.
2. Ɏɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧ, 1 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ – 1 ɝ ɮɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɜ
60 ɦɥ 96 % ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ
100 ɦɥ.
3. 0,2 Ɇ HCI – ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬ ɢɡ ɮɢɤɫɚɧɚɥɚ.
4. ɇɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ BaCI
2
– ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ BaCI
2
×2H
2
O ɩɪɢ 60
0
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 31,7 ɝ ɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ 100 ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ 50 ɦɥ ɇ
2
Ɉ 31,7 ɝ
BaCI
2
, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ 100 ɦɥ.
5. 0,4 Ɇ NaOH – 31,3 ɝ NaOH ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɜ 40 ɦɥ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɧɟɣ ɜ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɦ
ɫɨɫɭɞɟ; ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ;
ɡɚɬɟɦ 2,68 ɦɥ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ NaOH ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣ ɛɟɡ ɋɈ
2
ɞɨ 100 ɦɥ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ 0,2 Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ HCI.
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