Химический анализ почв. Валовой анализ органической и минеральной частей почвы. Йонко О.А. - 15 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

ВГУ | Воронеж

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

H
1
– ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (1/2 H
2
SO
4
)
ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɦɥ;
V
2
– ɨɛɴɟɦ NaOH, ɩɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɣ ɫ
ɚɦɦɢɚɤɨɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɦɥ;
V
3
– ɨɛɴɟɦ NaOH, ɩɨɲɟɞɲɟɣ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɦɥ;
H
2
– ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ NaOH, ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɦɥ;
m – ɧɚɜɟɫɤɚ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɝ;
0,014 – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɚɡɨɬɚ, ɝ/ɦɦɨɥɶ;
K
W
– ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɭɸ
ɩɨɱɜɭ (K
W
<1).
ȼɨ 2 ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ:
1
( ) 0,014 100
%,
VV H
N
mKW
uu u
uu
ɝɞɟ V – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɩɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɪɚɬ – ɢɨɧɨɜ,
ɦɥ;
V
1
– ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɩɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɪɚɬ – ɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɩɵɬɟ, ɦɥ;
H – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (1/2 H
2
SO
4
)
ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɦɥ;
m – ɧɚɜɟɫɤɚ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɝ;
0,014 – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɝ/ɦɦɨɥɶ.
Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ. 1. ɋɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ (ɩɥ. 1,84).
2. Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ K
2
SO
4
+CuSO
4
×5H
2
O+Se ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
100:10:1. ɇɚɜɟɫɤɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɭɩɤɭ, ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɪɚɸɬ.
3. 10 ɧ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ (40 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ) NaOH ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɵɣ
ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɭɸ ɤɨɥɛɭ, ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 1 ɥ. Ʉ 600 ɦɥ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ 400 ɝ NaOH ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ.
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ.
4. 2 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (H
3
BO
3
): 2 ɝ ɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɭɸ ɤɨɥɛɭ, ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɦ 100 ɦɥ. ȼ ɤɨɥɛɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɞɨ
ɦɟɬɤɢ 100 ɦɥ;
5. ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ Ƚɪɨɚɤɚ: 1 ɨɛɴɟɦ 0,4 % ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɫ 1 ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ 0,2 % ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ. ɗɬɨɬ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ ɜ ɭɡɤɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɪɇ
(5,2–5,6) ɢɡ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɪɚɫɧɨ-ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɭɸ.
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɝɨɧɤɢ ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɇ>5,6, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ (NH
4
)
3
BO
3
, ɜ ɷɬɨɦ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɪɇ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɠɟɥɬɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ, ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ
ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ – ɫɢɧɸɸ, ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨ
ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
15

Страницы