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ɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɜɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɣ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɜ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɫ
ɧɚɜɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɪɰɢɸ ɩɥɚɜɧɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɫ
ɧɟɣ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɥɚɜɟɧɶ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ, ɜɵɬɢɪɚɸɬ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɱɤɭ ɩɥɚɜɧɟɦ, ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɲɤɢ, ɢ
ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɢɝɥɟ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɫ ɭɝɥɟɫɨɥɹɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɹɸɬ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɬɢɝɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɤɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɥɚ. Ɍɢɝɟɥɶ
ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɦɭɮɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɟɱɶ, ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɚɛɨɧɚɝɪɟɬɭɸ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɟɱɶ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɬɢɝɥɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɝɚɡɚɦɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɯ ɛɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ.
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɦɭɮɟɥɶ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1,5–2 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɦɭɮɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɢ. ɉɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 800º (ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ
ɤɚɥɟɧɢɟ), ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ 1000º (ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ ɤɚɥɟɧɢɟ) ɢ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɋɈ
2
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɳɟɥɨɱɟɣ ɫ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɚɦɢ, ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɢ ɭɥɟɬɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɈ
2
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɜɵɩɭɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɢɝɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɟɪɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɪɚɣ ɬɢɝɥɹ.
ɉɨɞ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɭɡɵɪɶɤɨɜ ɋɈ
2
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ, ɢ
ɠɢɞɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɬɢɝɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɚɛɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɤɚɦɢ. ɉɨ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɜɵɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɩɟɱɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɦɢ
ɳɢɩɰɚɦɢ. Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɵɟ ɱɚɲɢ ɧɚ 3/4 ɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɛɟɪɭɬ ɪɚɫɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɡɚ
ɤɪɚɣ ɳɢɩɰɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦ ɬɢɝɥɹ.
ɇɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɢɡ ɪɭɤ ɢ ɤɪɟɩɤɨ ɞɟɪɠɚ ɟɝɨ ɳɢɩɰɚɦɢ, ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɸɬ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 2/3 ɜɵɫɨɬɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɲɤɟ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 1–2 ɦɢɧ) ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɸɬ
ɟɝɨ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɫ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɝɞɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɢɡ ɪɭɤ
3–4 ɦɢɧ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɭɸ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 12 ɫɦ, ɤɭɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧ ɫɩɥɚɜ, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧ
ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɫɹ, ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ
ɝɨɪɹɱɭɸ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɶ ɩɥɚɜ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟ 2–3 ɦɢɧɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɥɚɜ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ
ɤɪɭɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɫɬɢɤɚ. ɇɚɤɥɨɧɹɸɬ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɧɚɞ
ɱɚɲɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɩɨ ɩɟɫɬɢɤɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɬɢɝɥɹ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɩɥɚɜ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɬɢɝɥɹ, ɟɝɨ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɬ
ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɩɟɫɬɢɤɨɦ, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɷɬɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 20 ɦɥ
17
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