Химический анализ почв. Валовой анализ органической и минеральной частей почвы. Йонко О.А. - 18 стр.

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ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɧɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ, ɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ. ɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɯ. ɱ. KNaCO
3
, ɪɚɫɬɟɪɬɵɣ ɜ ɩɭɞɪɭ. ɏɪɚɧɹɬ ɜ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɛɚɧɤɟ.
ȼɕɓȿɅȺɑɂȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɅȺȼȺ ȼɈȾɈɃ ɂ ɊȺɁɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ
ɄȺɊȻɈɇȺɌɈȼ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɈɃ
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɥɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɤ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ
ɤɚɥɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɤɪɟɦɧɟɦɧɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɝɟɥɹ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ:
Na
2
SiO
3
+2H
2
O=H
2
SiO
3
+2NaOH.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ
ɩɨɪɰɢɹɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ ɱɚɲɤɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɟɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ.
Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɬɢɝɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɫɬɢɤɨɦ ɢ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬ ɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ ɜ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɲɤɟ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɥɚɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧ ɜ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ, ɟɟ
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɢ, ɫɥɟɝɤɚ
ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɹ ɫɬɟɤɥɨ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦ
ɱɚɲɤɢ 20 ɦɥ HCI ɩɥ. 1,19, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɱɚɲɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 1:1 ɫɨɥɹɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɸɳɚɹ
ɩɥɚɜ. ɉɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɛɭɪɧɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɈ
2
, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɪɚɡɛɪɵɡɝɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.
Ɋɚɡɦɟɲɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɞ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ ɩɟɫɬɢɤɨɦ, ɫɥɟɞɹɬ ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɱɚɲɤɢ: ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɵ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɬɵɦ ɨɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɟɝɨ
ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɨɬ ɩɥɚɜɚ, ɟɝɨ ɨɛɦɵɜɚɸɬ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ 1:1 ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɫɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɱɚɲɤɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɜɚ ɢɞɟɬ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ,
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɱɚɲɭ ɩɨɞ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɭɸ ɛɚɧɸ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɨɬ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤɨɦɨɱɤɢ ɩɥɚɜɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɫɬɢɤɨɦ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɱɚɲɤɟ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɨɱɤɨɜ ɩɥɚɜɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɋɈ
2
, ɱɚɲɤɚ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɪɵɬɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɡɛɪɵɡɝɢɜɚɧɢɢ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɡɵɪɶɤɨɜ
ɝɚɡɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɫɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɬɟɤɥɨ, ɨɛɦɵɜɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞ ɱɚɲɤɨɣ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɩɚɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɛɚɧɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɞɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ.
Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ. 1. HCI ɩɥ. 1,19.
2. Ɋɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ HCI 1:1. ɗɬɚ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ 20 %
HCI.
18