Химический анализ почв. Валовой анализ органической и минеральной частей почвы. Йонко О.А. - 20 стр.

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ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ (ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ 1 % HCI). Ɉɫɚɞɨɤ ɜɡɦɭɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɫɬɢɤɨɦ,
ɞɚɸɬ ɟɦɭ ɨɬɫɬɨɹɬɫɹ 1–2 ɦɢɧɭɬɵ, ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɭɸ
ɛɚɧɸ. ɉɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɭɸ ɧɚɞɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɫɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɩɟɫɬɢɤɭ ɧɚ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪ, ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɜ ɱɚɲɤɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɪɰɢɸ
ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɚɹ ɩɨɪɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɟɬɫɹ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɧɟ
ɨɫɚɠɞɚɥɫɹ, ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɛɚɧɟ, ɩɪɢɤɪɵɜ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ, ɚ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɥɤɟ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɸɬ. ɉɪɨɦɵɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɭɞɚɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɨɧɵ Fe
3+
.
ɉɪɨɛɚ ɧɚ Fe
3+
: ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢ
ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɫɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚ, ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɤɚɩɥɸ 10 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɪɨɞɚɧɢɞɚ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ NH
4
CNS ɢɥɢ KCNS. ȼɤɢɫɥɨɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ Fe
3+
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɨɬ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɪɨɞɚɧɢɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ Fe(SCN)
3
. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɩɪɢ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
250 ɦɥ, ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɟ ɭɩɚɪɢɜɚɸɬ.
ɉɪɨɦɵɬɵɣ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɸɬ 2–3 ɪɚɡɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɩɪɨɫɭɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ, ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɫɚ ɬɢɝɟɥɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɤɚɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ 1000–1200º ɜ ɦɭɮɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɢ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɡɟɦɚ SiO
2
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
ɝ
ɚ
SiO
100
%
2
u
,
100 28,09
%,
60,09
m
Si
ɝ
uu
u
ɝɞɟ ɚ – ɜɟɫ ɩɪɨɤɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɡɟɦɚ;
ɝ – ɧɚɜɟɫɤɚ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɜɡɹɬɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɢ
100–105º.
28,09 ɢ 60,09 – ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ SiO
2
ɢ Si.
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ
Ɇɚɫɫɚ
ɨɫɚɞɤɚ,
SiO
2
, ɝ
ɉɨɱ-
ɜɚ
Ƚɥɭ-
ɛɢ
ɧɚ,
ɫɦ
ɇɚɜɟɫ-
ɤɚ ɫɭ-
ɯɨɣ
ɩɨɱɜɵ,
ɝ
ʋ ɮɚɪ-
ɮɨɪɨ-
ɜɨɝɨ
ɬɢɝɥɹ
Ɇɚɫɫɚ
ɩɭɫɬɨɝɨ
ɮɚɪɮɨ-
ɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɬɢɝɥɹ, ɝ
ȼɟɫ ɬɢɝɥɹ
ɫ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɦ
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɩɪɨɤɚɥɢ-
ɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝ
123
%
SiO
2
%
Si
ɉɟɪɟɫɱɟɬ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɯɟɦɭ:
468,0
09,60
09,28
2
2
o
SiO
Si
SiSiO .
Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ. 1. HCI (ɩɥ. 1,19) ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ.
2. 1 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧɵ: ɤ 100 ɦɥ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɚɝɪɟɬɨɣ
ɞɨ 70º, ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ 1 ɝ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧɵ. ɋɬɚɜɹɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɭɸ ɛɚɧɸ ɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ
ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ
20

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