Химический анализ почв. Валовой анализ органической и минеральной частей почвы. Йонко О.А. - 24 стр.

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5. 1% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ AgNO
3
.
6. HNO
3
(ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ 1,40) ɜ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ.
7. Ɇɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ – 0,1% ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ.
ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɀȿɅȿɁȺ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈɇɈɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɆ
ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ (ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅəɘɌ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ɀȿɅȿɁȺ
III)
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɚ III ɩɪɢ ɪɇ 1–1,5
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɨɧɨɦ Fe
3+
ɦɚɥɨɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ:
Fe
3+
+H
2
Y
2-
=FeY
-
+2H
+
.
ɗɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ 50–55º ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɫɚɥɢɰɢɥɨɜɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɫ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɥɨɜɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ȼ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ ɢɡ ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɫɚɥɢɰɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɟɪɭɬ ɩɢɩɟɬɤɨɣ 25 ɦɥ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚ ɨɬ
ɤɪɟɦɧɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ
ɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɛɵ) ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɥɛɭ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ 250 ɦɥ, ɫ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 50 ɦɥ. ɉɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ 7 ɤɚɩɟɥɶ HNO
3
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1,4 ɢ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬ ɞɨ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɢɫɧɨɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ Fe
3+
ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ:
3Fe
2+
+HNO
3
+3H
+
ĺ3Fe
3+
+2H
2
O+NO.
ɇɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɭɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ 10 % NH
4
OH ɞɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ
ɦɭɬɢ, ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɹ ɚɦɦɢɚɤ ɩɨ ɤɚɩɥɹɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɹɬ
ɜ ɤɨɥɛɭ 5 ɦɥ 1,0 ɧ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ HCI (1,0 ɧ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ HCI ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɇ § 0), ɢɪɇɜ
ɤɨɥɛɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 0. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 10
ɪɚɡ (ɞɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ 50 ɦɥ) ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɪɇ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɪɢɞɟɥɨɜ, ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɨɧ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɨɦ III
ɦɚɥɨɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨ 50–55º
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ, ɬ. ɟ.
ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. Ⱦɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨ 100 ɦɥ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɭɬɶ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɭɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɪɇ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ 1–1,5.
ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɨ 50–55º, ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ 1 ɦɥ 10 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
ɫɭɥɶɮɨɫɚɥɢɰɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɢɥɢ 0,1 ɝ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ) ɢ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɬɢɬɪɭɸɬ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ, ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɥɢɥɨɜɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ, 0,01 ɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɚ III ɩɪɢ
ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ
.
ȼ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɥɨɜɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨ-ɠɟɥɬɭɸ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɚɬɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ. Ɉɤɪɚɫɤɚ
ɡɚɦɟɬɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 ɦɝ Fe
2
O
3
ɜ 100 ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ,
24

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