Химический анализ почв. Валовой анализ органической и минеральной частей почвы. Йонко О.А. - 35 стр.

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3. 5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ H
2
SO
4
: ɜ ɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɛɭ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ 1 ɥ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɧɨɫɹɬ 30 ɦɥ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ.
4. H
3
PO
4
ɩɥ. 1,7.
5. 1 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ AgNO
3
.
6. ɉɟɪɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ (NH
4
)
2
S
2
O
8
.
7. ɗɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ MnO: 0,2228 ɝɯ. ɱ. KMnO
4
ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɜ 150-200 ɦɥ 5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ H
2
SO
4
.
ɉɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ 3 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ H
2
O
2
ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɡɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɛɟɫɰɜɟɬɧɵɦ, ɟɝɨ ɤɢɩɹɬɹɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɦɢɧɭɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ. Ⱥɧɢɨɧ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɟɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ:
MnO
4
-
+5e+8H
+
=Mn
2+
+4H
2
O.
Ɉɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɨ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɟɪɟɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɦɟɪɧɭɸ
ɤɨɥɛɭ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ 1 ɥ. Ⱦɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ 5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ H
2
SO
4
ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ. Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ 0,1 ɦɝ MnO ɜ 1 ɦɥ.
8. ɋɟɪɢɹ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. Ȼɟɪɭɬ 5 ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɚɤɚɧɱɢɤɨɜ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ 100-150 ɦɥ ɢ ɨɬɦɟɪɹɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɛɸɪɟɬɤɨɣ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɢɥɥɢɥɢɬɪɨɜ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ:
ʋ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɚ 12345
Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ, ɦɥ 0,5 1 2 6 10
MnO ɦɝ/100 ɦɥ 0,05 0,1 0,2 0,6 1,0
ɉɪɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɱɢɤ 30–40 ɦɥ 5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ H
2
SO
4
, 1 ɦɥ
H
3
PO
4
(ɩɥ. 1,7), ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ 1 ɦɥ 1 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ AgNO
3
ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ ɩɟɪɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɦ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ
ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.
Ɉɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɤɢɩɹɬɹɬ ɟɳɟ 2–3 ɦɢɧ, ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɬ ɞɨ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɛɵ ɧɚ 100 ɦɥ. Ⱦɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ 5 %
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɥɹ
ɮɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɈɄɂɋɂ ɌɂɌȺɇȺ ɉȿɊɈɄɋɂȾɇɕɆ
ɄɈɅɅɈɊɂɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɆ ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ
ȼ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɬɢɬɚɧ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɠɟɥɬɨ-
ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ [TiO×H
2
O
2
]
2+
. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɬɚɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɚɥɢɤɜɨɬɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɪɟɦɧɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɟ ɫ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɟɦ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɭɠɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɨ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ Fe (III).
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɞɬɢɬɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ,
ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɬɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɶɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ.
Ti(SO
4
)
2
+H
2
O
2
=H
2
[TiO
2
(SO
4
)
2
].
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