Английский язык. Зайцева И.А. - 12 стр.

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12
One of the basic uses of electricity in modern signaling is track circuiting, first adopted to automate
signaling at the beginning of the 20th century. But the principle of track circuit operation of automatic signals
remains the same. The purpose of track circuiting is to detect the presence of a train on the section of the line.
Therefore the length of each track circuit depends on the length of the section at which the trains are to run.
Thus a track circuit usually extends from one stop signal to another one.
The track circuit is completed by running low voltage current via the two running rails of a line to a
relay, which is energized when the track is not occupied by a train. As soon as a train enters the track-circuited
section, the relay is de-energized and sets signals to danger and caution at a safe distance behind the train.
When the train leaves the section, the current again energizes the relay. In other words the moving train
continuously protects its own rear as it moves along the automatically signaled section of the line.
Each track circuit is protected from electrical interference by its neighbor through the insertion of
insulated fishplates in the track at each end of it. The rail joints within the circuit are wire-bonded¹ to reduce the
electrical resistance of the circuit, if the track is not long-welded. For continuous welded rails, a system of
jointless track-circuiting has now been developed.
Note: 1) wire bond – проволочное соединение.
Ex. 5. Make up the correct tail-questions to the text. The first one is done for you.
1. Mechanical operation of points and signals was replaced by electrical control, wasn’t it?
2. Track circuiting was first adopted in the 20
th
century, ….?
3. The principle of track circuit operation remains unchanged, …?
4. Using track circuiting railwaymen can detect the presence of a train on the section of the line, …?
5. The relay is energized when the track isn’t occupied by a train, …?
6. The train doesn’t leave the station until the signal is set showing that the section is free, …?
7. Each track circuit must be protected from electrical interference, …?
8. Continuous welded rails provide more comfortable riding, …?
9. Insulated fishplates have been inserted in the track at each end of it to protect the track circuit
from electrical interference, …?
10. Your little brother didn’t know anything about the latest achievements in electronics, …?
Ex. 6. Translate the words given in brackets into English. Translate the text you have now into
Russian. Do it in written form.
Due to (современныe сигнальныe системы) trains can give signals themselves. Еntering the next
section, each train (менять сигнал) behind it to red. When it then (подходить к следующему участку), the
red light which is now two sections behind it changes to yellow. The red signal is lit up immediately behind the
train. When the train (входить) the next section the first signal (переключиться на зеленый). Thus, every train
has behind it (сначала) a red, (затем) a yellow, (и в конце концов) a green signal. All these operations
(выполняться при помощи рельсовой цепи). Simple rail circuit is the basis of (современная сигнальная
система). The principle of operation is that (весь путь) is divided into sections, (изолированныe) from each
other. A low voltage electric current (проходить через один рельс) to the end of the section and then back
along the other rail. When a train enters a section it brakes (цепь). (Ток) passes through its wheels and axis.
When the train (покидать) a section, current runs along the rails. The change in the track current (можно легко
обнаружить). In this way many electrical apparatus (управляться).
LESSON FOUR
Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the following words and phrases:
semaphore, audible, priority, auxiliary, suspended, manipulate, influence, incline, engineman, identical,
usually, measure;
multiple-track railway, suburban railway, marshalling track, train crew, frequent intervals, color lights,
push-button switches, restrictive position, continuous indication, station employees.

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