Architecture. Зайцева И.В. - 27 стр.

       2.7 You are asked to make a short report on the problem of the Romanesque
architecture. Use the following text and present information on:
1) subdivisions of Romanesque architecture;
2) its main features;

                                    Text 2E
                              The Romanesque style

       The Romanesque style was a compound of many influences – Roman, Byzantine,
Viking, Celtic, Muslim. It followed the Early Christian style and preceded the
introduction of the Gothic style, c.1200. The principal countries in which Romanesque
architecture flourished were France, England, Italy, Germany and Spain. This style must
have appeared first in Italy, in Lombardy, late in the 9th century.
       Its is usually subdivided into pre – Romanesque, which includes the Lombardic,
Carolingian, and Ottonian or Rhenish styles as well as Saxon and Romanesque proper
beginning from c. AD 1000.
       From the Roman tradition, the pre – Romanesque architects adopted
characteristic features: the semicircular arch, modified and simplified from of the
Corinthian column with its capital of acanthus leaves. Occasionally, at an early period,
they used carved fragments of antique buildings. After 1050 various systems were
developed to vault major spans: tunnel vaults in France, often pointed (Burgundy,
Province) and also in Spain; groin vaults in Germany; ribbed vaults at Durham and
Italy. The Romanesque period was the great age of European monasticism. The
architectural work of this period there for consist almost exclusively domestic buildings
have survived.
       The greatest examples of this style are Benedictine abbey church at Jumieges,
Normandy (1036-1066); S. Ambrogio, Milan, Italy (1140); Sompting church in Succex
(11th century); Augsburg Cathedral, Germany.

      2.7.1 Write the summary of the text in Russian



      2.8 Read the text to find answers to the given questions

                                   Text 2F
                               The Gothic Style

1 Where and when did the Gothic architecture develop?
       This style represented the High Middle Ages in Western Europe. The architecture
of this period was termed Gothic during the Renaissance because of its association with
the barbarian north. Now this term is used to describe the important international style
in most countries of Europe from the early 12th century to the advent of the Renaissance
in the 5th century.