Architecture. Зайцева И.В. - 64 стр.

into the established ensemble. An accurately organised neo-classic structure was set
off against the picturesque grouping and stylistic diversity of the Kremlin buildings.
The Senate is crowned with a dome. The rotunda also overlooks Red-square. The
rotunda was one of Kazakov’s favourite motifs. Kazakov’s skillis integrating the
rotunda form into a large structure is evident in many of his designs including the
Demidov mention at Petrovskoe. Kazakov applied the classical rotunda to church
dezign. One of the earliest ecsamles of it is his church of the Metropolitan Philip
(1777-88) on Vtoraya Meshanskaya Street(now Prospect Mira).
         In addition to his imperial commissions and churches Kazakov aloso built to
Moscow’s cultural and charitable institutions such as the university and the hospital.
The urban context was important for the architect. The university, of 1782-93, largely
destroyed in fire of 1812 and subsequently rebuilt by Domenico gillardi on
Mokhovaya Street and Golitsyn Hospital of 1794-1801, now the First Municipal
Hospital on Kaluzhskaya Street, are examples of it. The façade of the universitywhich
faces the Kremlin with adorned with Ionic porticoes and the centre was topped with
high attic, the sculpture on which made an effective show against the dome.
         For all Kazakov’s prodigious output, his greatest contribution to the neo-
classical décor of Moscow lay in his design of city mansions. Most typical of
Kazakov’s urban houses in the three–storied mansion built in 1793-9 for merchant M.
P. Gubin. Kazakov proved particulary successful in resolving the problem of creating
a monument yet balanced structure within the confines of Moscow’s narrow central
streets. The houses were set along the street, forming an ansamble with teir subsidiary
buildings. Kazakov embellished Tverskaya Street with Y. I. Kozitskaya’s
house(1790). It was remoulded into a grand department store by its later owners, the
Yeliseyevs. Through the variation of individual devices Kasakov designed an
astonishing range of urban houses. Thus, although the façade of A. N. Golitsyn’s
house of the 1770s on Lubyanka Street lacks columns, its decoration is supplied by a
balcony on elegant brackets and the delicate patterning of the window surroundings.
Matvey Kazakov was an excellent teacher. In the 1780s he headed the school of
architecture and devoted much time to teaching. Kazakov maintained the school under
the auspices of theKremling Building Office, and in 1805 it got an official status as the
College of Architecture.
         Born in Moscow, Kazakov died in Ryazan in October/November of 1812
where the stick architect was taken by his family when the army of Napoleon was
marching on Moscow. Matvey Kazakov could not survive the great fire of 1812 in
Moscow and the destruction of his works.

        6.4.1 Increase your vocabulary. Make some sentences of your own using
the following phrases:

to be fortunate in teachers
to come to attention of somebody
to incorporate buildings into the established ensemble
picturesque grouping and stylistic diversity of buildings
to be one of favourite motifs
to be evident in many designs
to make an effective show