Computer Engineering (English for Special Purposes). Андриенко А.С. - 19 стр.

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94
foreign languages as long as they are capable of writing only on
simple narrative or descriptive subjects. Compositions may be written
by anyone in the early stages of learning а foreign language.
Some examples of composition subjects are:
а). My Hobby;
b). Taking Part in a Scientific Conference;
c). Mу Favourite Television Programme.
These are examples of free composition
("сочинение на
свободную тему"). However, in the early stages of language
learning, many teachers prefer guided composition ("сочинение по
заданному плану"
). The teacher gives the class а plan, either one
he has made himself or one taken from а book, and the class write
their compositions according to this plan, or outline. Another type of
composition is the picture composition
, where the pupils/students
write а story told in а series of pictures.
Composition is also used uncountably to mean the art or technique
of putting ideas together, either orally or in writing.
e.g. (From а publisher's catalogue) This book can be used in
teaching both oral and written composition.
An essay
is usually longer (up to about 20 pages). It expresses
ideas, as opposed to simply telling а story or describing something, or,
if it is narrative or descriptive, it should have some literary merit.
Essays are written by older schoolchildren and students in their own
language, and, in а foreign language, by those who have sufficiently
mastered the language to be able to express their ideas in it, or write
literary prose.
Some examples of essay subjects are:
а). Classification of Microprocessors".
b). The Influence of Television on Society.
с). What is the Purpose of Learning Foreign Languages?
d). Computers in Medicine.
As essays are written not only in language work, one may speak of
а scientific essay, a history essay, and so on. University students
regularly write essays on various aspects of their subject, and
examination questions are often in the form of essays.
An essay should be planned, that is, the writer should make а plan
before starting to write. An essay plan
usually consists of а list of
points which one intends to make, in logical order or in order of
importance, with reference to illustrations and quotations if necessary.
An introduction and а conclusion should also be mentioned. The point
of making а plan is that it should be made before, not after writing the
essay. Teachers often say to their pupils/students:
- You must make а plan of your essay before you start writing.
19
5) Electric Power and Machinery
1. What are the distinctive features
1
of this field of engineering?
2. Try to draw a difference between AC and DC motors.
The field of electric power is concerned with the design and
operation of systems for generating, transmitting, and distributing
electric power. Engineers in this field have brought about several
important developments since the late 1970s. One of these is the
ability to transmit power at extremely high voltages
2
in both the direct
current
3
(DC) and alternating current
4
(AC) modes, reducing
5
power losses
6
proportionately. Another is the real-time control of
power generation, transmission, and distribution, using computers to
analyze the data fed back from the power system to a central station
and thereby optimizing the efficiency of the system while it is in
operation.
A significant
7
advance
8
in the engineering of electric
machinery has been the introduction of electronic controls that enable
AC motors to run at variable speeds by adjusting
9
the frequency of
the current fed into them. DC motors have also been made to run
more efficiently this way.
Vocabulary:
1. distinctive features – отличительные черты
2. voltage – электрическое напряжение
3. direct current – постоянный ток
4. alternating current – переменный ток
5. to reduce – уменьшать
6. loss – потери
7. significant – выдающийся
8. advance – продвижение, опережение
9. adjusting - настройка
6) Electronics
1. What does electronics engineering deal with?
2. What are the modern trends in electronics research?
Electronic engineering deals with the research, design,
integration, and application of circuits
1
and devices used in the
transmission and processing of information. Information is now
generated, transmitted, received, and stored electronically on a scale
2
unprecedented in history, and there is every indication that the
explosive
3
rate of growth in this field will continue unabated
4
.
Electronic engineers design circuits to perform specific tasks,

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