Computer Engineering (English for Special Purposes). Андриенко А.С. - 33 стр.

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2. Listen intelligently. When you agree with another speaker, listen
to increase your information on the subject. When you disagree,
listen to accept a different viewpoint if it is supported by sufficient
evidence.
3. Speak so that everyone can hear.
4. Recognize and acknowledge the truth of what others say.
5. Always be polite. Sarcasm is out of place. Self-control is a mark
of maturity (зрелость). Disagree reasonably - and with factual
evidence.
A member of the audience should:
1. Know the subject thoroughly.
2. Listen attentively. Ask yourself: what evidence is offered in
support of each important argument? Take notes as you listen.
3. Join in when the chairman invites the audience to participate. A
discussion in which there is general participation is more
stimulating and interesting than one in which only a few take
part.
4. Focus on the main issues.
5. Speak audibly and distinctly (so that all may hear).
TEXT 4
Pre-reading task
1. What is the way to organize a round table discussion?
2. Formulas for Scientific Communication (p.85) will help you to
organize a discussion. Study them and use in the process of
group discussion, composing reports and writing abstracts
on the given problem.
3. Study the following information and take part in a round-
table discussion.
Round-table Discussion
The round table is a form of group discussion in which the
participants exchange views around the table (not necessarily round!)
under the leadership of a chairman. The number of participants
usually does not exceed a dozen.
Problems for discussion:
1. The role of science in modern society.
2. New trends in university education.
33
e) What are the main reasons to use robots in production?
f) How can robots inspect the quality of production?
g) What operations could be done by robots in hazardous or
uncomfortable for the human workers conditions?
Robots in Manufacturing
Today most robots are used in manufacturing operations. The
applications of robots can be divided into three categories:
1. material handling
1
2. processing operations
3. assembly and inspection.
Material-handling is the transfer
2
of material and loading and
unloading of machines. Material-transfer applications require the robot
to move materials or work parts from one to another. Many of these
tasks are relatively simple: robots pick up
3
parts from one conveyor
and place them on another. Other transfer operations are more
complex, such as placing parts in an arrangement
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that can be
calculated by the robot. Machine loading and unloading operations
utilize
5
a robot to load and unload parts. This requires the robot to be
equipped with a gripper
6
that can grasp
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parts. Usually the gripper
must be designed specifically for the particular part geometry.
In robotic processing operations, the robot manipulates a tool
to perform a process on the work part. Examples of such applications
include spot welding
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, continuous
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arc welding
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and spray
painting
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. Spot welding of automobile bodies is one of the most
common applications of industrial robots. The robot positions a spot
welder against the automobile panels and frames
12
to join them. Arc
welding is a continuous process in which robot moves the welding rod
along the welding seam. Spray painting is the manipulation of a spray-
painting gun
13
over the surface of the object to be coated. Other
operations in this category include grinding
14
and polishing
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in
which a rotating spindle
16
serves as the robot's tool.
The third application area of industrial robots is assembly and
inspection. The use of robots in assembly is expected to increase
because of the high cost of manual
17
labor
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. But the design of the
product is an important aspect of robotic assembly. Assembly methods
that are satisfactory for humans are not always suitable for robots.
Screws and nuts are widely used for fastening in manual assembly,
but the same operations are extremely difficult for a one-armed robot.
Inspection is another area of factory operations in which the
utilization of robots is growing. In a typical inspection job, the robot
positions a sensor with respect to the work part and determines
whether the part answers the quality specifications. In nearly all

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