Computer Engineering (English for Special Purposes). Андриенко А.С. - 41 стр.

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72
Vocabulary:
1. Monitor - a program which observes, supervises, controls or
verifies the operation of a computer system.
2. Debug - to isolate and remove malfunctions from a computer or
mistakes from a program.
TEXT 9
Pre-reading task
1. What is the capacity of floppy disks and Winchester disks?
2. What are the advantages of floppy disks and Winchester
disks?
3. Read the text “The Storage Medium” and discuss the
following questions in group:
a) What are the common secondary-storage mediums?
b) Which storage medium does she/he use for program
storage?
c) Which storage medium would she/he use if she/he had a
personal computer and why?
d) Compare the capacity of the storage medium you are
using with the capacity of the described mediums.
The Storage Medium
The term "memory" is usually reserved for describing the
internal storage of a computer. In its strictest sense it refers to the
storage locations that can be immediately addressed by the program
counter. They are often referred to as the primary storage while
magnetic tape
1
, magnetic disk
2
or diskette, magnetic drum
3
are
referred to as the secondary storage.
One of the standard mediums for the secondary storage is the
floppy disk: a flexible disk of plastic, coated on one side or both sides
with a magnetic material. Information is stored in concentric tracks of
minute magnetized regions; changes in the direction of magnetization
represent binary O's and 1's. The information is written onto the disk
and retrieved from it by a recording head that is moved radically
across the spinning disk to a particular track. The track in turn is
divided into a number of sectors, and as a rule information is written or
read one sector at a time.
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Information is output in either hardcopy or softcopy form. Hardcopy
output can be held in your hand, such as paper with text (word or
numbers) or graphics printed on it. Softcopy output is displayed on a
monitor.
Monitor is a component with a display screen for viewing
computer data, television programs, etc.
Printer
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is a computer output device that produces a paper
copy of data or graphics.
Modem
29
is an example of communication hardware — an
electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to or
from computer via telephone or other communication lines.
Hardware comes in many configurations, depending on what
the computer system is designed to do. Hardware can fill several
floors of a large office building or can fit on your lap
30
.
Vocabulary:
1. processing hardware — устройства обработки данных
2. input hardware — устройства ввода данных
3. to convert — преобразовать
4. keyboard — клавиатура
5. mouse — устройство для перемещения объектов на экране,
«мышь»
6. to connect — соединять
7. to roll — катать, перекатывать
8. to reach — достигать
9. sensitive — чувствительный
10. scanner — сканер
11. to retrieve — извлекать
12. to direct — управлять
13. to execute — выполнять
14. to interpret — переводить
15. to affect — влиять
16. amount
— количество
17. sophisticated — сложный
18. RAM — ОЗУ (оперативное запоминающее устройство)
19. volatile — летучий, нестойкий, временный, энергозависимый
20. temporarily — временно
21. ROM — ПЗУ (постоянное запоминающее устройство)
22. storage hardware — устройства хранения данных
23. hard disk — жесткий диск, «винчестер»
24. CD-ROM — накопитель на компакт-дисках (CD)
25. capacity — вместительность
26. to provide — обеспечивать

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