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their way into the market place are:
— Video TV games;
— Intelligent computer terminals;
— Process controllers;
— Telephone switching controls;
— Programmable household appliances;
— Computerized automotive electronic systems.
Computers are being used as part of the educational process,
and guidance. Controlled computers have made possible space
exploration and automated factories.
Microprocessors can also be expanded to serve specialized
control functions in the area of industrial tools and machinery.
Because they are programmable logic systems, they can be adapted
to serve a variety of job functions each of which previously required
individually designed circuits. The low cost of production makes them
extremely attractive.
It is perhaps this hardware
1
/software
2
trade that makes the
impact of the microprocessor so great. Entirely different circuit
functions can now be accomplished with the same hardware by means
of a different set of program instructions. The microprocessor is
recognized as the device which finally unites two previously separate
areas: that of the hardware designer and the programmer.
Vocabulary:
1. Hardware - the mechanical, magnetic, electronic and electrical
devices or components of a computer.
2. Software - programs which control the operation of computer
hardware and the associated documentation, etc., needed to do
so.
TEXT 8
Pre-reading task
1. Describe the recent level of technology development.
2. What types of memory do you know?
3. Read the text “The Types of Memory” and make a list of
different types of a microcomputer memory.
The Types of Memory
In all types of computer systems, from a small dedicated
microprocessor system to the largest full size computer, memory plays
a very essential part. The memory section of the microcomputer
43
e) a set of keys, usually arranged in tiers, for operating a
typewriter, typesetting machine, computer terminal, or the like;
f) volatile computer memory, used for creating, loading, and
running programs and for manipulating and temporarily storing
data; main memory;
g) central processing unit: the key component of a computer
system, containing the circuitry necessary to interpret and
execute program instructions;
h) a palm-sized device equipped with one or more buttons, used
to point at and select items on a computer display screen and
for controlling the cursor by means of analogous movement on
a nearby surface;
i) a thin, usually flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic
material, for storing computer data and program.
TEXT 10
Pre-reading task
1. What do you think is more expensive — hardware or
software?
2. Has anyone in your group ever purchased software? Why do
you think piracy (audio, video, computer software) still
exists?
3. Read the text “Types of Software” and discuss the following
questions in group:
a) What is software?
b) In what two basic groups could software (programs) be
divided?
c) What is system software for?
d) What is an operating system — a system software or
application software?
e) What is a «driver»?
f) What is application software?
g) What is application software used for?
h) What is the tendency in application software market in
recent years?
i) What is the application of communication software?
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